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1. pH larutan asid/alkali (struktur) 2. garam terlarutkan dan tak terlarutkan (esei) 3. rate of reaction (factor mangkin) (struktur/esei) 4. rate of reaction (factor suhu) esei 5. pengaratan besi (struktur) + heat of combustion(struktur) 6. reactivity of group 1 element with water (struktur)

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1 When 124g of copper(II) carbonate is heated, black colour of the residue and colourless gas produced. [Given that the relative atomic mass of Cu,64;O,16;C,12: Volume of 1 mol of gas = 24 dm3 at room condition] i. ii. iii. iv. iv. v. vi. vii. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. [2 marks] Describe the chemical equation in (i). [1 mark] Name the residue and the colourless gas produced. [2 marks] State the physical properties of the residue. [1 mark] Calculate the number of mole of copper(II) carbonate used. [1 mark] Calculate the volume of colourless gas produced. [3 marks] Write a chemical equation when the residue is reacted with hydrochloric acid. [2 marks] Based on chemical equation in (vi), Describe chemical test that can be used to verify the cation in the solution For the salt formed. [ 3 marks]

Zinc carbonate

Diagram 2 2.

Limewater

Diagram 2 shows set-up of the apparatus for an experiment when 6.5 g of zinc carbonate powder is heated strongly. A residue of Solid X which is yellow in colour when hot and white in colour when cooled and the colourless gas Y are produced. (a) State the type of reaction for the preparation of zinc (II) carbonate in a laboratory. Precipitation/double decomposition [ 1mark] (b) (i) Name gas Y.

(ii)

State the observation when gas Y passed through the limewater.

[2 marks] (c) Name solid X.

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[1 mark] (d) Write the chemical equation for a reaction above. [2 marks]

(e)

Calculate : (i) the number of moles of zinc carbonate used. [Relative formula mass for zinc carbonate = 125]

[1 mark]

(ii)

The mass for solid X produced [Relative molecular mass: X,81]

(iii)

the volume of carbon dioxide gas obtained at room condition. [1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]

[2 marks] (f) Calculate the number of ion in 1.0 mole of the chloride metal formed when Solid X is reacted with hydrochloric acid. [Avogadros constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]

[2 mark]

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QUESTION 2

Burette

Dilute hydrochloric acid

25 cm3, 0.5 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide solution + a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator Diagram 2 Diagram 2 shows the apparatus setup to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid.

(a) (i)

State the colour change occurred in the conical flask when the end point is reached. Explain why.

[ 3 mark ]

(b) Name the analysis technique used and the type of reaction involved in this experiment.

[ 2 marks ]

(c) The average volume of hydrochloric acid used in this experiment is 12.50 cm3. Calculate the molarity of hydrochloric acid used.

[ 3 marks ] (d) You are given copper(II) nitrate solution. (i) Describe how you would test for the presence of cation and anion in the solution.

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QUESTION 3 Chlorine gas Hydrogen gas

1.0 mol dm of Sodium chloride solution Carbon electrode X Carbon electrode Y

-3

Explain the reactions at electrodes, X and Y based on the statements below:

Statement

Electrode X

Electrode Y

List of Ions that attracted to electrodes

Names of the ion selectively discharged

The reason why the ion are selectively discharged

Half equation for the reaction

Observation

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QUESTION 4

Diagram 9 Diagram 9 shows the apparatus set-up for electrochemical cell. (a) What is the role of Part X in the electrochemical cell ? To produce electricity [ 1 mark] (b) State the energy change that occurs in Part X and Part Y. (i) (ii) Part X: Part Y : [ 2 marks] (c) On Diagram 9, mark the (i) (ii) (d) (i) Positive terminal of Part X. Direction of the electron flow. What can be observed on the zinc plate of Part X ?

[ 2 marks ]

[1 mark] (iii) Write the half-equation of the reaction that occurs at (d)(i).

[1 mark ] (e) (i) (ii) In Diagram 9 , label the anode of Part Y by writting the word anode. [1 mark] Write the half-equation of the reaction that occurs at the anode in Part Y.

[ 1 mark] (f) State the colour changed of copper(II) sulphate solution in part X. Explain why.

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QUESTION 5

Compound J
Heat Dissolved in water Reaction I

Solid M + Gas K [Brown colour and acidified] +Gas L [Colourless]

White precipitate Q Dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide solution

Reaction II

Colourless J solution + NaOH (aq)

+ H2SO4 (aq)

White precipitate R

Diagram 4 Diagram 4 shows a series of process done by a student to identify a compound J. (a) With refer to reaction I, white precipitate Q is formed which is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution. Name all the ions which are probably presence in solution J.

(b)

Referring to reaction I and II, name the cation presence in solution J.

(c )

Write down the ionic equation for the reaction forming the white precipitate, R.

(d)

(i)

Name two cations which produced white precipitate that will not dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide solution.

(ii)

State one confirmatory test for one cations presence in (d)(ii).

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QUESTION 6 Table 1 shows the observations from some test carried out on salt Y. Test Ujian I: Heating of solid salt Y and test with moist blue litmus paper II: Salt Y solution is mixed with excess sodium hydroxide solution Observation Pemerhatian A metal oxide is formed and acidified brown gas released. A white precipitate which is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide is formed

Table 1 i. Identify an anion that is present in Test I and describe a chemical test to verify the anion . [4 marks]

ii.

Identify cation that are present in Test II and describe a chemical test to verify the cations. [4 marks]

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QUESTION 7: Compound J
Heat + dilute nitric acid

Oxide M [Brown when hot, yellow when cooled]

Gas L [Colourless]

White precipitate Q Dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide solution

Reaction I

Colourless J solution

Reaction II

+ NH3 (aq)

White precipitate R

+ Na2SO4 (aq) Diagram 2

Diagram 2 shows a series of process done by a student to identify a compound J. (a) With refer to reaction I, white precipitate Q is formed which is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution. Name all the ions which are probably presence in solution J. ...................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] Referring to reaction I and II, name the cation presence in solution J. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c ) Write the ionic equation for the reaction forming the white precipitate, R. [2 marks] (d) Name two cations which produced white precipitate that will not dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide solution. [1 mark]

(b)

(e)

State one confirmatory test for one cations presence in (d).

................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... [4 marks] 9|BENGKE L AMBAN G SP M 2009P AP ER 2

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QUESTION 8

Carbon

Carbon Bromine water Dilute sulphuric acid Diagram 3

Iron(II) sulphate solution

Diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus of an experiment to investigate the transfer of electrons at a distance. (a) State the colour change of iron(II) sulphate solution. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (b) Write the half equation for the reaction in (3)(a). .. [1 mark] (c) State the change in oxidation number of iron. . [1 mark] (d) Referring to the reaction that takes place in bromine water. (i) State the type of reaction that occurs. . [1 mark] (ii) Write the half equation for the reaction . ......................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii) What is the function of bromine water? [1 mark] (e) (f) Show the direction of the electron flows in the diagram 3. What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid? . [1 mark] 10 | B E N G K E L A M B A N G S P M 2 0 0 9 P A P E R 2 [1 mark]

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QUESTION 9

Butane

Process I

But-1-ene
Process II

Butan-1-ol
Process IV Process III

Compound Q

Butanoic acid

Diagram 4 Diagram 4 shows a flow chart for a series of changes of organic compounds from one homologous series to another homologous series. (a) Draw the structural formulae of the isomer of butane.

[2 marks] (b) But-1-ene can be used to produce butane in Process I. (i) Name the type of reaction for process I. .. [1 mark]

(ii)

State the condition required for Process I to occur. . [1 mark]

(c)

Process II converts but-1-ol to but-1-ene.

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction ......................................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

State the condition required for reaction I to occur.

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. [1 mark] (iii) Draw a label diagram for the set up of apparatus required for proses II.

[2 marks]

(d)

Name the reagent used for conversion of butan-1-ol to butanoic acid. [1 mark]

(e)

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the production of compound Q in process IV. ......................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Name the compound Q produced. .. [1 mark]

(c)

Draw the graph of total volume of gas collected against time. [4 marks]

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QUESTION 9 A student carried out the electrolysis of dilute silver nitrate solution by using carbon electrodes. Table 5.1 below shows the result of the experiment. Experiment Description Electrolysis of dilute silver nitrate solution. Observation Gas bubbles are released at the anode.

Table 5.1 (a) (i) What is meant by anion? [1 mark ] (ii) What is the energy change that occurs in this electrolysis process? [1 mark ] (iii) In the Table 5.2 below, give all the formula of the ions in the electrolysis process of dilute silver nitrate solution which moved to the anode and cathode. [2 marks] Anode Cathode

Table 5.2 (b) (i) Write the ionic equation at : Anode : [1 mark ]

(ii)

State how would you verify the gas released at the anode. .. [2 marks]

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(c) Draw the set up of the apparatus to carry out this experiment. In your diagram, show how the gas is collected.

[3 marks]

QUESTION 10

Process I

Process II

Propene, C3H6

Alcohol P
DIAGRAM 6

Carbon dioxide gas + water

6.

Diagram 6 shows the conversion of propene, C3H6 to carbon dioxide gas and water. (a) Process I is a hydration process. What are the three conditions needed for the process I. i. ii. iii. [ 3 marks ]

(b)

In Process II, Alcohol P burns in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. (i) Name process II. . [ 1 mark ] (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Process II. . [ 2 marks ]

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(c ) Alcohol P produced in the reaction has two isomers. Draw the structural formula of one the isomers and name the isomer..

[ 2 marks ] (d) Propene, C3H6 can be converted back to Alcohol P by dehydration process. Draw a labelled diagram to show the set up of apparatus used in the process.

[ 2 marks ]

QUESTION 11

2. The research and development of chemistry has led to the production of useful manufactured substances to improve our quality of life. Table 2 shows some examples of these substances. Types of substance Polymer Composite Glass Ceramic Examples Polyvinyl chloride Reinforced concrete Soda- lime glass Cement

Table 2 (a) (i) What is meant by a polymer?

............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

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(ii) Polyvinyl chloride is often used in the making of water pipes. State one advantage of this type of pipe compared to iron pipe. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii) Draw a structural formula of polyvinyl chloride.

[1 mark] (b) Reinforced concrete is the composite material used in the construction of framework of highways, bridges and high-rise building. (i) What substance is added to concrete to make reinforced concrete? .......................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) What is the advantage of using reinforced concrete compared to concrete?

............................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (c) Preserved food is usually stored in glass containers. (i) Explain why glass containers are more suitable for storing preserved food than metal containers. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] List the chemical composition of soda lime glass.

(ii)

(iii)

............................................................................................................................... [2 marks] Soda lime glass cannot withstand high temperature. Name another type of glass that is more heat-resistant. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(d)

Cement is an example of ceramic used as building materials. Name another ceramic that is also used as building materials. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

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QUESTION 12

(a)

What is an alloy? [1 mark]

(b)

Diagram below shows the arrangement of atoms in pure metal.

Pure metal X (i)

Pure metal Y

Draw the arrangement of atoms when pure metal X and pure Metal Y are mixed together.

[2 marks]

(ii)

An alloy is harder than its pure metal. Explain why.

[2 marks] (c ) Diagram 3 shows the flow chart for the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid.

Sulphur
Heat

Sulphur dioxide
V2O5, 1 atm 450 0C 500 0C

Sulphuric acid
Concentrated H2SO4,

Oleum

Diagram 3

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Based on Diagram 3, answer the following questions. (i ) Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid

[1 mark] (ii) Name the substance X. [1 mark] (iii) Write the chemical equation when oleum reacts with water to form sulphuric acid.

[2 marks] (d) There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives. (i) Name the major component of glass.

[1 mark] (ii) Table 2 shows three types of glasses and their uses. Complete the table.

Type of glass Borosilicate glass Cookware Laboratory glassware Decorative lamp Prism Bottle Mirrors Table 2

Uses

............................................. .

[2 marks]

(iii)

Why is borosilicate glass suitable to make cookware and laboratory glassware?

. [1 mark]

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QUESTION 13
Process C State 3 Process A Process B Process D State 4

State 1

State 2

The experiment in diagram above shows the change of matter from one state to another state. (a) Name the process: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) Process A : .. Process B : .. Process C: Process D : .. Draw the arrangement of particles for state 1, state 2 and state 3.

State 1 (c) (i)

State 2

State 3

Compare the water particles in solid and liquid forms in terms of: Attrative force between the particles

(ii)

Energy content

(iii)

Movement of particles

(d)

State whether energy is absorbed or released when ice melts.

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QUESTION 14

Diagram 2 shows the symbols of atom for element U, V, W and X.

23 11

24 12

35 17

40 18

12 6

DIAGRAM 2 (a) Write the electron arrangement of atom W. ......................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b) (i) Element U, V ,W and X are placed in the same period in the Periodic Table. State the period for the elements. Period: ................................... [2 marks] (ii) Explain why the elements are place in the same period. ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ [2 marks ] (ii) Arrange the elements in decreasing order in state of the atomic size. ................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (iv) Explain why element Y can exist as a monoatomic atom.

[2 marks] (c) Element V can react with element W to form a compound. (i) Write the chemical formula for the compound. .............................................................................................................. [1 mark ] (ii) State one physical property for the compound formed. .... [1 mark ]

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(d) When element Y react with element W, a compound is produced. (i) State the type of the compound produced. .............................................................................................................. [1 mark ] (ii) State one physical property for the compound formed. .... [1 mark ]

(ii)

Draw the electron arrangement for the compound in (d) (i).

[2 marks] (e) State a compound that can conduct electricity. Explain why.

[2 marks]

QUESTION 15 Table 1 shows the atomic structure of six elements. A,B,C,D,E and F are not the actual symbols of the elements. Element A B C D E F Proton 6 6 8 11 18 20 Neutron 6 8 10 12 22 20 Table 1 Use information from Table 1 to answer the following questions. Electrons 6 6 8 10 18 18

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(a) State three types of subatomic particles in an atoms [1 mark] (b) (i) State one element that exists as a positive ion? [ 1 mark] (ii) State the electron arrangement of the element mentioned in 1(i). . [ 1 mark] (c) (i) State the element that exist as a noble gas? [ 1 mark] (ii) Explain why element in 1(iii) does not react with other elements. . ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................ [ 1 mark] (d) Which elements exists as diatomic molecule? [ 1 mark]

(e)

Write the ionic equation for the compound formed between element C and D. [ 2 mark]

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ESSAY QUESTION 1 (a) Salts can be classified into soluble and insoluble salt. (i) (ii) Name one example of an insoluble chloride salt. [ 1 mark ]

Name the chemical needed to prepare salt in (a) and name the reaction. [ 3 marks]

(b) Diagram 8 shows a flow chart of the qualitative analysis of substance X. Black powder of X
+ H2SO4

Blue solution of Y
+ NaOH solution

Blue Precipitate

Diagram 8 Based on Diagram 8, identify the (i) (ii) (iii) Black powder of X Blue solution of Y Cation and anion of Y solution [ 4 marks] (c ) An experiment is carried out to construct an ionic equation for an insoluble salts, lead(II) chromate (VI). A fixed volume of 5.0 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 solution is placed into each of the eight test tube of the same size. Different volume of 1.0 mol dm -3 potassium chromate (VI), K2CrO4 solution is added to each test tube. The height of the yellow precipitate, lead(II) chromate(VI) formed into each test tube is measured, recorded and plotted in graph 8.

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Graph 8

Based on graph 8: (i) Calculate The number of moles of lead(II) ions used The number of moles of potassium chromate(IV) that has reacted completely with 5.0 cm 3 of lead(II) nitrate. [ 4 marks]

(ii)

Based on the answer in (c )(i), construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) chromate(VI) [ 2 marks]

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QUESTION 2

(a)

(i) (ii)

What is meant by an electrolyte? Give one examples of electrolyte solution with the formula of XY2 and describe a chemical test for a cations in the solution. [5 marks]

(b)

A student intends to electroplate the iron spoon that is easily to rust with a silver metal to make it look more attractive and more resistant to corrosion. Design a laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron spoon. Your answer should consist of the following: Chemicals required Procedures of the experiment Diagram showing the set up of apparatus Half equations at anode and cathode Observation at anode and cathode [10 marks]

QUESTION 3 (a) (a) What is meant by heat of neutralization? [2 marks]

An experiment was carried out to determine heat of neutralization between acids and an alkali. Table 7 shows the results of the experiment for two types of acids. ( Specific heat capacity of water; 4.2 J g-1 oC-1 ; Density of water : 1 g cm-3)

Experiment

Substance

Volume / cm3 25.0 25.0

Concentration / mol dm-3 2.0

Heat of neutralization, H (kJ/mol)

Hydrochloric acid sodium hydroxide Ethanoic acid sodium hydroxide

-57 2.0 2.0 -55

II

25.0 25.0

2.0

Table 7 For experiment I, (i) Write a chemical equation for the reactions in experiment I and experiment II. [4 marks] (ii) Calculate the heat change for both experiments [4 marks] (iii) Draw an energy level diagram for both reactions. [4 marks]

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(b)

Based on the data provided in Table 7, explain why heat of neutralization for Experiment II is lower than in Experiment I. [2 marks] Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of neutralization between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Your answer should consist of the following: List of materials and apparatus Procedures of the experiment Precaution step [10 marks]

(d)

QUESTION 4 A student carried out an experiment to determine the value of heat of neutralization. Diagram 3 shows the set-up apparatus used in the experiment.

Diagram 3

The following data obtained: Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid, 1 = 30 0C Highest temperature of the mixture of product, 2 = 43.5 0C In this experiment, 50 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm -3 of sodium hydroxide solution is added to 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid. Given that the specific heat of capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g -1 0C-1 and the density of the solution is 1.0 g cm-3 . Based on the informations given above: (a) Calculate: (i) (ii) Heat released from the experiment. Heat of neutralization for the reaction.

(b) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction.

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QUESTION 5: Diagram below shows changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reactions.
acidified Potassium dichromate(VI) Alcohol Y Propanoic acid

Propane

+ H2 Heat

Propene

Alumina Heat

(a) The information below is regarding alcohol Y: Carbon 60.00% Hydrogen 13.33% Oxygen 26.67% Relative molecular mass = 60 Relative atomic mass of H = 1 , O= 16 and C = 12

Based on the information of the alcohol Y: (i) Determine the empirical formula (ii) Determine the molecular formula (iii) Name the alcohol Y (iv) Write the general formula for its homologous series (b) Draw the structural formula of two Alcohol Y isomers. Name both isomers. (c ) (i) The information below is regarding alkene Y. Carbon 85.7% Hydrogen 14.3% Relative molecular mass = 42 Relative atomic mass of H = 1 ,and C = 12

[7 marks]

[4 marks]

Based on the information of the alcohol Y: (i) Determine the molecular formula (ii) Draw the structural formula (iii) Name the alkene (iv) Write the general formula for its homologous series (d) Comparing the difference in the physical properties of hexane,C 2H14 and cyclohexene , C6H10 in terms of their sootiness of the flame. Given that relative atomic mass for H=1 and C=2. [5 marks]

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(e) Table below shows the results of a test to differentiate between propene and propane. Procedure Bromine water is added to propene Bromine water is added to propane Observation Brown colour is decolourized Brown colour remains [4 marks]

Explain why there is difference in these observations.

QUESTION 6: (a) Diagram 1 shows two reagent bottles each containing an aqueous solution.

Diagram 1 Qualitative analysis can be used to determine the presence of cations and anions in solutions. Describe chemical test that can be used to verify the ions in each solution. [10 marks] (b) A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the chemical changes that occur to copper (II) chloride as a result of reaction P. The result of the experiment is shown in Diagram 2

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(i) The chemical equation for reaction P is as follows: PbCl2 + Na2CO3 2NaCl + PbCO3

Excess sodium carbonate is added to 50 cm3 of mol dm-3 lead(II) chloride. Given that the relative molecular mass of PbCO3= 267. Calculate the mass of lead(II) carbonate precipitate formed. [2 marks] (ii) Name solid X and state its colour. (iii) Name gas Y and describe a method to verify its identity. [2 marks] [2 marks]

QUESTION 7

(a)

(i) (ii) (iii) (ii)

Explain why pure copper is softer than its alloy. Draw the arrangement of atoms in pure copper and its alloy. State the aim of alloying.

[ 3 marks] [ 2 marks] [3 marks]

State the alloy suitable for building bodies of planes and give reasons for your answer. [3 marks]

(a)

Describe a laboratory experiment to compare the hardness between an alloy and its pure metal. Your answer should consist of the following: Diagram showing the set-up of apparatus List of apparatus Procedures of the experiment [10 marks

QUESTION 8

A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of a reaction. Table 3 shows information about the reactants and the temperature used in each experiment. Experiment I II III Reactants Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid Temperature /0C 30 40 40

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Table 3 (i) Sketch a graph to shows the result for the experiments. [ 2 marks ] (ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I. [2 marks] (iii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. CaCO3 + 2HCI CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, O=16, Ca=40 and the molar volume of any gas in 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure. Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment II. [4 mark] QUESTION 9

A student carried out three experiments to investigate the effects of the factor influencing the rate of reaction. Table I shows the result of the experiments.

Eksperiment
3

I
50 cm sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm -3 acid 6.5g Zinc strip 50 cm sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm -3 acid 6.5g Zinc strip
3

II

III
50 cm 3 sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm -3

Set-up of apparatus

6.5g Zinc strip

Temperature/0C Time taken for all the zinc to dissolve/s

30

40

60

100

40

30

Table 1 (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced. [Relative atomic mass: Mg, 65; molar gas volume; 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition] [6 marks] Calculate the average rate of reaction for the Experiment I, II, and III in cm3 s-1. [3 marks] (iii) State a factor that effect the rate of reaction for the experiment above And explain based on collision theory.

(ii)

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[6 marks]

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