Q : What are the benefits of obtained by using the Client/Server oriented TP Monitors? A : Client/Server applications development framework.

. Scalability of functions. Load balancing. High availability. MOM integration. Firewalls of protection Reduced system cost.

Q : What are the services provided by the Operating System? A : Extended services - These are add-on modular software components that are layered on top of base service. Q : What is Load balancing? A : If the number of incoming clients requests exceeds the number of processes in a server class, the TP Monitor may start dynamically a new ones and this is called Load balancing. Q : What is networking? A : Networking is the engineering discipline concerned with the communication between devices or computer systems. Q : What is a multi casting? A : A Multicasting is refer to a system, where a computers or network devices(node) sends out a message to a group of computers or network devices(node)in a network Q : What is MPLS?Where it is work? A : Multi Protocol Label Switching(MPLS). This protocol is mainly used for QOS(quality of service). It can handle the multi protocol via the path using the label ie done by label stacking. Q : What is a TP Monitor? A : There is no commonly accepted the definition for a TP monitor. According to Jeri Edwards' a TP Monitor is "an OS for transaction processing". Q : What are the types of Transparencies? A : The transparencies types of NOS middleware is expected to provides are, Location transparency Namespace transparency Logon transparency Local/Remote access transparency Replication transparency Distributed time transparency Administration transparency and Failure transparency Q : What is MOM? A : Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) is allowed the general purpose messages to be exchanged in a Client/Server system using message queues. Applications are communicate over networks by simply putting messages in the queues and getting messages from queues. It is typically to provides a very simple high level APIs to its services. MOM's messaging and queuing allow the clients and servers to communicate across a network without being linked by a private, dedicated, logical connection. The clients and server can run at different times. It is a post-office like metaphor.

Q : What is mean by Symmentric Multiprocessing (SMP)? A : SMP treats all the processors as equal. Any processor can do the work of any other processor. Applications are divided into the threads that can run concurrently on any available processor. Any processor in the pool can run the OS kernel and execute user-written threads. Q : Whats a Web server? A : This new model of Client/Server consists of thin, portable, "universal" clients that talk to the super fat servers. In the simplest form, a web server returns the documents when clients ask for them by name. The clients and server communicate using an RPC-like protocol called HTTP. Q : What are the functions of the typical server program? A : Typical server program waits for the client-initiated requests. Executes many requests at the same time. Takes care of VIP clients first. Initiates and runs background task activity. Keeps running. Grown bigger and faster. Q : What is meant by AMP? A : Asymmetric Multi processing imposes hierarchy and a division of labor among the processors. Only one designated processor, the master, controls (in a tightly coupled arrangement) slave processors dedicated to specific functions. Q : What means by 3-Tier architecture? A : In 3-tier Client/Server systems are the application logic (or process) lives in the middle tier and it is separated from the data and the user interface. In theory, the 3-tier Client/Server systems are more scalable, robust and flexible. Example: TP monitor, Web. Q : What means by 2-Tier architecture? A : In 2-tier Client/Server systems are the application logic is either burried inside the user interface on the client or within the database on the server. Example: File servers and Database servers with stored procedures. Q : What is passive topology? A : In a Passive topology when the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are referred to as passive because they do not amplify the signal in any way. Example - linear bus. Q : Whats the Protocol Data Unit? A : The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU contains the four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service access the point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is a information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S - frame) or a unnumbered frame (U - frame). Q : What are major types of networks and explain it? A : There are two major types of networks, Server-based network. Peer-to-peer network. Peer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources. Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration.

Q: Explain the SMTP? A : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) is a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers. Q : Define DNS? A : The DNS translates the Internet domain and host names to IP addresses. DNS automatically converts the names we type in our Web browser address bar to the IP addresses of Web servers hosting those sites. DNS implements a distributed database to store this name and address information for all public hosts on the Internet. Q : Whats the packet filter in Networking? A : Packet filter is a standard router equipped with the some extra functionality. The extra functionality allows in every incoming or outgoing packet to be inspected. Packets are meeting some criterion are forwarded normally. Those that fail the test are dropped. Q : Whats VPN? A VPN is a service that offers secure, reliable connectivity over a shared public the network infrastructure such as the Internet. VPNs maintain the same security and management policies as a private network. They are the most cost effective method of establishing a virtual point-to-point connection between the remote users and an enterprise customer's network. Q : What is RAID A method for providing the fault tolerance by using the multiple hard disk drives. Q : Whats MAC address? A : The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in the Read only memory (ROM) on the network adapter card and is unique. Q : What is the ICMP A : Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite used by the hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It is used to the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It is also handles the both control and error messages.