Symptoms and Disease Conditions

Terms Alcoholism Anorexia Appendicitis Belch Cholecystitis Cholelithiasis Cirrhosis Clay-colored stool Colic Constipation Diarrhea Diverticulum Dyspepsia Dysphagia Emesis Flatulence/ flatus gastritis Gastroenteritis Hematemesis Hematochezia Hepatitis Hernia Hiatal hernia Hypokalemia Icterus Ileus Melena Pancreatitis Polyp Reflux Thrush Meaning Chronic, excessive drinking of alcohol Diminished appetite Inflammation of the appendix Burp Inflammation of the gallbladder Stones in the gallbladder Progressive liver disease No color to the stools Spasmodic abdominal pain and cramps Infrequent hard, dry stool Frequent watery or non formed stool Pouch in the intestine Indigestion Difficulty swallowing Vomiting Excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract Inflammation of the stomach Inflammation of the stomach and intestine Vomiting blood Bloody stools Inflammation of the liver Protrusion of an organ Protrusion of the part of the stomach, through the diaphragm Decrease potassium in the blood Jaundice, yellowish color to the skin or eyes Bowel obstruction Dark, tarry stool Inflammation of the pancreas Projecting tissue mass Backward flow Fungal or yeast infection of mouth tissue, frequently occurring after treatment with antibiotics Open sore

Ulcer

Laboratory test
Terms Alkaline phosphate Meaning An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test measures the amount of theenzyme ALP in the blood.It is also done to Check for liver disease or damage to the liver Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is produced in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva. When the pancreas is diseased or inflamed, amylase releases into the blood. Amylase may also be measured with a urine test. In adults and older children, bilirubin is measured to diagnose and/or monitor liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or gallstones. The purpose of blood lipid testing is to determine whether abnormally high or low concentrations of a specific lipid are present. A complete cholesterol test, referred to as a lipid panel or lipid profile, includes the measurement of four types of fats (lipids) in your blood: Total cholesterol. This is a sum of your blood's cholesterol content. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it helps carry away LDL cholesterol, thus keeping arteries open and your blood flowing more freely. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol Triglycerides. Triglycerides are a type of fat in the blood. High levels are also seen in overweight people, in those who eat too many sweets or drink too much alcohol, and in people with diabetes who have elevated blood sugar levels.

Amylase

Bilirubin

Blood lipids (fats)

Cholesterol including total, HDL, LDL and ratio of total to HDL

BUN( Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Calcium Test

A BUN test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. If your kidneys are not able to remove urea from the blood normally, your BUN level rises. To check for problems with the parathyroid glands or kidneys, certain types of cancers and bone problems, or inflammation of

the pancreas (pancreatitis) and to see if your symptoms may be caused by a very low calcium level in the blood CBC( Complete Blood Test) A CBC helps your doctor check any symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue, or bruising, you may have. A CBC also helps him or her diagnose conditions, such as anemia, infection, and many other disorders. the creatinine level in the blood will rise due to poor clearance of creatinine by the kidneys. Abnormally high levels of creatinine thus warn of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys. It is used to identify an electrolyte or acid-base imbalance and to monitor the effect of treatment on a known imbalance that is affecting bodily organ function. The blood glucose test may be used to:

Creatinine test

Electrolyte Test( Na, K, Chloride, and CO2)

Glucose test

Screen for both high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) Help diagnose diabetes Monitor glucose levels in persons with diabetes

SGOT(Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)

AST (aspartate aminotransferase)

an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGOT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGOT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in high amounts in heart muscle and liver and muscle cells. It is also found in lesser amounts in other tissues.

Radiology Procedures
Terms Barium Enema Cholangiogram cholecystogram Flat plate and upright of abdomen Purpose Documents presence of colon disease x-ray after IV injection of contrast agent that will outline the billary ductal system Gallbladder x-ray after administration of radiopaque substance Early step in evaluation for suspected blockage or perforation of intestine. (no contrast material or dye is used) Outlines the upper digestive tract for diseases such as ulcers, may include a barium swallow to exmine the esophagus and / or a small bowel followthrough examine the jejunu8m and ileum.

Upper gastrointestinal (upper gastrointestinal series or UGI)

Medical and Surgical Procedures

Terms appendectomy Cholecystectomy Colonoscopy Endoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy Gastric by pass Meaning Removal of the appendix Removal of the gallbladder Visualization of the colon with a scope instrument General term for visualization using scope Visualization of the sigmoid using flexible scope Rerouting pathway to bypass some of the stomach region, commonly done by stapling part of the stomach; performed for the management of obesity Removal of part of the stomach Visualization of the stomach using scope Surgical repair of a hernia with or without mesh reinforcement Visualization with fiberoptic instrument through the abdominal wall via tiny incision Incision through the abdominal wall Replacement of severely damaged tissue or organ with same taken from another source of individual Imaging using sounds waves to detect liquid or solid mass or tissue

Gastric resection Gastroscopy Hernioplasty/herniorrhapy Laparoscopy Laparotomy Transplant ultrasound

Using the correct format

1. Follow these guidelines in the use of hyphens. a. Hyphenate a compound adjective that ends in ly but not compound ly adverb. Ex: The patiently-waiting female is not be seen next. b. Other examples of hyphenated compound modifiers include finger to nose exam, soft spoken patient, high power field, fracture-dislocation, medication-resistant condirtion, and combinations of colors such as blue green. c. Do not hyphenate proper nouns, compound modifiers preceded by an adverb or the adverb very, or most disease-entity modifiers.(use appropriate references to obtain proper usage.) Ex: South Carolina patient Somewhat well liked physician 2. Place commas and periods inside quotation marks; semicolons, outside quotation marks. A question mark is inside of the quote if the quote is the question. Capitalize the quote mark if it is not grammatrically connected to its introduction. Ex: Dr. Larsen said, We must all attend the HIPAA seminar. 3. Use the following guidelines in the use of possessions. a. Add s to nouns to show possession. Add just an (apostrophe) to a noun ending in s to show possession. Ex: Dr. Tys patient is 1 hour late. b. Do not add possession to a descriptive term such as the national teachers convention. c. Generally no possession is shown on eponyms (names of entities derived from names). Consult a medical refence to obtain the proper usage. (note: terms that are derived from personal nemes or eponyms are nor capitalized, such as parkinsonism or cesarian.) Ex: Graves disease d. Add s or (apostrophe) at the end of joint possession. Ex: The Doctors Gomez and Wilsons article will be presented at the next conference (joint possession-one article) Doctors Gomezs and Wilsons vacations are scheduled for next month. (Each doctor has a vacation.) e. Possessive pronouns do not use an apostrophe. Ex: Their policy on absence reporting is similar to ours. f. Time, measurement, and money can also show possession. Ex: Two weeks vacation was not enough time to visit my relatives. (Note: A 2-week vacation must be taken by December 1.)