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Wireless systems and standards

IS 95

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USDC US digital cellular system based on CDMA technique was standardized as IS 95 by US Telecommunications Industry Association Compatible with existing AMPS systems CDMA/AMPS dual mode phones IS 95 same radio channel for the users in one cell and adjacent cell

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IS 95 occupies 1.25 MHz of spectrum on each one way link Different modulation and spreading technique for the forward and reverse link On forward link user data transmits simultaneously along with pilot carrier All mobile use coherent detection

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On reverse link all mobiles respond in asynchronous fashion and have constant power level IS 95 uses Qualcomm 9600 bps QCELP coder

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Frequency and channel specification

Forward link 869-894 reverse link 824-849 Forward link and reverse link separated by 45 MHz Maximum user data 9.6kb/s On the forward link user data is encoded using rate convolution code, interleaved, and spread by one of sixty four orthogonal spreading sequence

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 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

The base station and subscriber uses RAKE receiver to resolve multipath components The soft handoff is given from base station ,the mobile receives the signal from two base station and processed as multipath components

FORWARD CDMA CHANNEL

Pilot channel acquire timing for the forward CDMA channel phase reference for coherent detection provides each mobile with a means for signal strength comparison for handoff Synchronization channel
Broadcasts synchronization message to all mobiles at 1200bps

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 It supports variable user data rates 9600,4800,2400 or 1200 bps

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Paging channel send control information and paging messages from base station to mobiles ,operates at 9600,4800,and2400bps. The forward traffic channel

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 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

Convolutional encoder and repetion circuit encoded using half rate convolutional encoder with constant length 9 generator vectors Go(753) octal and G1(561) constant base band symbol rate 19.2kbps 4800 repeat one time 2400 repeat three time 1200 repeat seven times

Long PN sequence
Direct sequence PN sequence long 242 -1 chips period P(x)=x42+x35+x33+x31+x27+x26+x25+x22+x21+ x19+x17+x16+x10+x7+x6+x5+x3+x2+s1+1 Intial state id 1after 41 consecurive 0s Two types of mask public mask-ESN Private mask-MIN

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 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

Public long code M41 through M32 is set to 1100011000 M31 through M0 is permutated ESN Private long code M41 and M40 set 01 M39 through M0 are set by private procedure

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 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

Data scrambler 1.2288 MHz PN sequence is applied to a decimator, keeps only first bit of every sixty four consecutive PN sequence Power control sub channel Power control updates are sent by base station for every 1.25ms increase or decrese in 1dB steps

Power control

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Orthogonal covering spreaded with a walsh function with a fixed chip rate of 1.2288Mcps 64 binary sequence length of 64 all are orthogonal to each other the walsh sequence repeats every 52.083 s,equal to one coded data symbol

64 by 64 walsh function
Hadamard matrix H1=0 H2= 0 0 01 H4= 0 0 0 0 H2N= HN HN 0101 0011 HN HN 0110

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Quadrature Modulation
215-1 is used for modulation The short spreading sequence PI(x) =x15+x13+x9+x8+x7+x5+1 PQ(x)= x15+x12+x11+x10+x6+x5+x4+x31

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 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

Reverse CDMA channel

AC Acess channel RTC Reverse traffic channel RTC/AC identified by long distinct user code AC mobile to initiate call and respond to paging channel 32 ACs per supported paging channel ACs fixed data rate 4800bps RTC variable data rate

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 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

Convolutional encoder 557,663,771 Block interleaver span 20ms array with 32 rows and 18 columns 64 walsh function walsh function is selected according to c0+2c1+4c2+8c3+16c4+32c5 Transmitted at rate of 28.8kbpsx64walsh chips/6 coded bits=307.2kbps

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.

 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial use, distribution, or sale prohibited.