EEE 667: COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY FOUR QUESTIONS

TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS

Question One (a) Differentiate between the following classifications of signal: Analog and Digital signals Periodic and Non-periodic signals Power and Energy signals Deterministic and Random signals (b) With the aid of a suitable block diagram, describe the basic elements of a communication system. (c) Discuss the fundamental constraints that affect the design of a commun ication system. Question Two What is waveform symmetry? With the aid of appropriate sketches, differe ntiate between odd and even functions. Find the Fourier series of the waveforms shown in Figure Q2b. Figure Q2b State any five properties of Fourier transform. Find the Fourier transf orm of the function x(t)= e^(-at) u (t), a > 0. Plot the frequency response, X (f), for < f <+. Question Three What is modulation? Highlight any five reasons for employing modulation in communication systems. With the aid of suitable diagrams differentiate between the homodyne and heterodyne methods of AM signal detection. Describe the super heterodyne receiv er using appropriate block diagram. (c) A carrier wave represented by 10 cos (2 10^6 t) V is amplitude modulated b y a second wave represented by 3 cos (2 10^3 t) V. Calculate The depth of modulation; The upper and lower side frequencies; The amplitude of the side frequencies; The fraction of the power transmitted in the sidebands. SECTION B : ATTEMPT ANY TWO QUESTIONS HERE ON A SEPARATE BOOKLET Question Four Differentiate between continuous wave (CW) and pulse modulation, stating their similarities and differences. What are the advantages of pulse modulation over continuous wave (CW) mo dulation. (c) Figure Q4b shows the idealized spectrum of a message signal . The signal is sampled at a rate of 1 kHz using flat-top pulses, with each pulse being of unit amplitude and duration 0.1 ms. Determine and sketch the spectrum of the resulti ng PAM signal. Fig . Q4b Question Five (a) Enumerate and clearly illustrate the typical procedures for digital transmission of analog information. (b) Determine the minimum sampling rate and the maximum allowable interval betwe en sample values that will ensure perfect reconstruction of the following signal s: (i) , (ii) , (iii) ,

(iv) , (v) . (c) Consider that you desire a digital transmission system for an audio sign al, such that the quantization error does not exceed of the peak-to-peak analo g audio signal voltage. If the audio signal bandwidth and the allowable transmis sion bandwidth are 4 kHz each, and the sampling takes place at the Nyquist rate, what is the required bandwidth efficiency (bits/s/Hz)? Question Six Using suitable diagrams, explain three modes of terrestrial radio waves propagation. (b) Enumerate any five propagation impairment to be taken into consideration wh en planning a terrestrial radio link. (c) Describe the ionospheric layers and explain their effect on radio commun ication.