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Quality in Cementing
Prevent Cement Sheath Failure
Customers Wants:
Zone isolation
Good CBL ---->High Compressive Strength?
5 to 200 PSI to support casing 500 PSI to continue Drilling 1000 PSI to Perforate At least 2000 PSI to Stimulate & Isolate zones Enough strength to side track
A word about CBLs 1987 : RELATIONSHIP CBL/CEMENT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH NOT so GOOD
75
50 25 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CBL ATTENUATION RATE %) 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE (106 Kg m-2 s-1 )
6.0
4.0 2.0 1.5 0.1
Compressive Strength
Cement Evolution
shape
1st slope, cement hydration up to maximum temperature and setting C3A and C4AF 2nd slope, Early Hardening (5 to 10 hours) CaOH and C3S 3rd slope, Stabilization period C2S
3 .0 0 U n c o n f in e d O p t io n L in e r 3 C o n f in e d U n c o n f in e d 2 .5 0 C o n f in e d y = 1 .1 4 0 8 x - 1 .3 6 3 4 L in e r O p t io n 4 y = 0 .9 2 8 2 x - 0 .7 1 5 4
2 .0 0
1 .5 0 L in e r O p t io n 1
1 .0 0 T a il T ie - b a c k O p t io n 2
0 .5 0 L in e r O p t io n 2
UCAs data is the worst case - because , even though is measured electronically, it is derived from Static data (versa tester) converted by means of a best fit algorithm into PSI
3 .5 0
S t a t ic Y o u n g 's M o d u lu s
0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .5 0 1 .0 0 1 .5 0 2 .0 0 2 .5 0 3 .0 0
D y n a m ic Y o u n g 's M o d u lu s ( M P s i)
3,000 PSI
Applied Pressure
15,000 PSI
3,000 PSI
0 PSI
0 PSI
80F
Ultimate Confined
Conclusion
What do we really need? A cement that have lower K than any of the producing zones. A cement that will withstand the cyclic stresses during the wells life. What stress is most Important? Compressive, Tensile or Flexural.
Cement once it has set it does not magically disappears from the annulus Generally low strength cements are more ductile and can take stress cycling, one suggestion delete the tail slurry
Goodwin and R.J. Crook, SPE 220453
Simulator Modeling
Cs= K(x) *e(-t*T(x)*(F(water) +F(cement)+F(additives))
K(x)
Note:Where KOT (Kick Off Time) is the the point where Strength start to develop. It is shorter than CS 50 time and normally shorter than T Time
370
270
170
70 73 117 138 166 KOT 181 188 201 213 240 265
CS 50psi
CS 50 psi / KTO
1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 BHST 110 121 128 135 135 146 150 BHST 165 180 206 270 300
Trend CS50/KOT
HECSs Simulations
MARA H + 9% MPA-1 + 0.25% A-2 + 0.8% BA-10 + 0.6% CD-33. @ 15.0 ppg. BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F Fluid Loss = 38 cc/30
20 18
Compressive Strength (psi)
16
Transit Time (microsec/in)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
3:30
7:00
17:30
21:00
MARA H + 9% MPA-1 + 0.25% A-2 + 0.8% BA-10 + 0.6% CD-33. @ 15.0 ppg. BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F Fluid Loss = 38 cc/30
Mara Class H + 35% S-8 + 0.15% FL-54B + 0.7% R-3 + 1.5% CD-31 @ 16.4 ppg. BHST = 270 F / BHCT = 225 F Fluid Loss = 95 cc/30
20 18 4000 3600 400 360 320
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Temperature (F)
14
16
3200 2800
4:00
8:00
20:00
24:00
Mara Class H + 35% S-8 + 0.15% FL-54B + 0.7% R-3 + 1.5% CD-31 @ 16.4 ppg. BHST = 270 F / BHCT = 225 F Fluid Loss = 95 cc/30
FWC-47,AEF-100L,T-40L,MPA-1
Vencemos Class A + 5% MPA-1 + 0.4% A-2 + 0.7% BA-10 + 0.2% CD-33. @ 13.6 ppg. BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F Fluid Loss = 45 cc/30
20 18
3000 2700
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Temperature (F)
14
16
2400 2100
3:30
7:00
14:00
17:30
21:00
Vencemos Class A + 5% MPA-1 + 0.4% A-2 + 0.7% BA-10 + 0.2% CD-33. @ 13.6 ppg. BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F Fluid Loss = 45 cc/30
Vencemos Class A + 8% MPA-1 + 0.4% A-2 + 0.7% BA-10 + 0.2% CD-33. @ 13.6 ppg. BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F Fluid Loss = 38 cc/30
20 18
3000 2700
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Temperature (F)
14
16
2400 2100
3:40
7:20
18:20
22:00
Vencemos Class A + 8% MPA-1 + 0.4% A-2 + 0.7% BA-10 + 0.2% CD-33. @ 13.6 ppg. BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F Fluid Loss = 38 cc/30
Cement Joppa Class H + 15% LW-7 + 10% MPA-1 +.05 gps R-21L(B) + 0.1 gps CD-31L + 0.3 gps BJ Blue D = 13.0 lpg / BHST = 250F
20 18
Compressive Strength (psi) Transit Time (microsec/in)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
3:50
7:40
19:10
23:00
Cement Joppa Class H + 15% LW-7 + 10% MPA-1 + 0.05gps R-21L(B) + 0.1 gps CD-31L+ 0.3 gps BJ Blue D = 13.0 lpg / BHST = 250F
Radial stress is always Compressive Tangential stress is Compressive near the pipe/cement interface and Tensile near cement/rock interface at early times
Softer cements than the rock will produce lower tensile strengths potential problem radial cracks propagation
100 GHS Liquid PVA BA-10,FL-45LS 10% (BWOC) CaSiO3 Fiber 0.2% Dispersant 10% (BWOC) HRM MPA-1 0.4% Dispersant
Also BA-100
1378 13%5177 44% 43% 0.2% Dispersant 5717 1555 0.4% Dispersant 0.2% Dispersant 6500 4012 3488 3799 5212 4173 3707 3920 4865 1845 1097
35%
17%
34%
1171 1470
37% 1237
Start from a slurry that produces good logs or at least 2000 PSI C.S. /24 hours (Neat slurry that has good strength Properties). Using HECS Program estimate all strengths Reduce density until a Minimum acceptable C.Strength in 24 hours is obtained, record TS. Add a flexural additive (i.e.:10% MPA-1) to the slurry and reduce the density until the estimated T.Strength is similar to the previous slurry. Check that the new slurry density has higher density than mud (between 0.5 and 2 PPG of the mud density).
Cement Boyaca Class G + 35% S-8 + 0.085 gps R21L(USA) + 0.02 gps CD-31L + 0.01 gps FP-6L(B) D = 16.0 lpg / BHCT = 196 F / BHCT+10 = 206 F Strength: 3620 PSI @ 68:26 Horas
20 18
Compressive Strength (psi) Transit Time (microsec/in)
Go for minimum Compressive Strength needed and reduce rig WOC by adding Aluminate additives such as MPA-1, AEF-100L, T-40L, FWC-47
Cement Boyaca Class G + 35% S-8 + 15% MPA-1 + 0.06 gps R-21L(B) + 0.2 gps BJ Blue +0.01 gps FP-6L(B) D = 15.0 lpg / BHCT = 196 F / BHCT+10 = 206 F Strength: 2593 PSI @ 67:37 Horas
4000 3600
Compressive Strength (psi)
400 360
Transit Time (microsec/in)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
11:20
22:40
56:40
68:00
Have CM-Vision calculate Stresses and strength requirement for actual Cyclic Conditions on well life, i.e.: well 15428 ft depth, 7 liner, 10.9 ppg mud, pore pressure 0.54 psi/ft, 235 F pressure :well-bore 8700 psi & fracturing 13623 PSI tensile strength requirement for 4900 psi tensile strength requirement for 4000 psi
Fracturing Pressure
Cliffs Data
Cliffs Data
0 0 20 100
Cliffs Data
0 0
20 100