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If there are no joints in our skeleton, what will happen to our activities?
Structure of a joint
A Joint is made up of:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Synovial capsule Tendon Ligament Muscles Articulating bones
(Femur & Tibia/Febula) Synovial capsule
Ligament
Task of Joints
Bending actions, easy movements etc are possible when the skeleton provides flexibility. Such flexibility is brought about by joining parts of skeletons. The structural and functional association of two or more bones that make the body parts to perform tasks with ease are brought about by joints.
Classification of joints
IMMOVABLE JOINT
MOVABLE JOINT
I. Gliding Joint II. Ball and socket Joint III. Hinge Joint IV. Pivot Joint
I. GLIDING JOINT
The first kind of joint is called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are found in our wrists, ankles, and backbone. Gliding joints do what they say: they glide past one another, and help us move those body parts.
Carpals
The hyoid is (uniquely in the vertebrate skeleton) not joined to any other bone but is suspended by the stylohyoid ligaments from the styloid process of each temporal bone at the base of the skull. It is formed from three separate parts the body, and the left and right greater and lesser cornu (horns) which fuse in early adulthood. The function of the hyoid is to provide an anchor point for the muscles of the tongue and for those in the upper part of the front of the neck.
The hyoid bone can be felt by pressing one's finger into the crease where the chin becomes the neck.
Applications
Toy industry
Robot industry
Application in Orthopaedics
Dislocation (pelvic)
When a bone at joint is damaged, dislocation occurs. Seek doctors help immediately
Dislocation (Finger)
Angle sprain
A sprain is caused when ligaments that bind the bones together in a joint are stretched or torn due to various pressures
Can you identify this person who underwent a Left knee surgery in year 2000?
THANK YOU
Joint Disorders A joint is where two or more bones come together, like the knee, hip, elbow or shoulder. Joints can be damaged by many types of injuries or diseases. Arthritis or simply years of use may cause a joint to wear away. This can cause pain, stiffness and swelling. Over time, a swollen joint can become severely damaged. Treatment of joint problems depends on the cause. If you have a sports injury, treatment often begins with the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation) method to relieve pain, reduce swelling and speed healing. Other possible treatments include pain relievers, keeping the injured area from moving, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery. For arthritis, injuries, or other diseases, you may need joint replacement surgery to remove the damaged joint and put in a new one.
Knee cap
Knee replacement is surgery for people with severe knee damage. Knee replacement can relieve pain and allow you to be more active. Your doctor may recommend it if you have knee pain and medicine and other treatments are not helping you anymore. When you have a total knee replacement, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the surface of your knee joint and replaces them with a man-made surface of metal and plastic. In a partial knee replacement, the surgeon only replaces one part of your knee joint. The surgery can cause scarring, blood clots and, rarely, infections. After a knee replacement, you will no longer be able to do certain activities, such as jogging and high-impact sports.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis of the spine. It causes swelling between your vertebrae, which are the disks that make up your spine, and in the joints between your spine and pelvis. Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease. This means your immune system, which normally protects your body from infection, attacks your body's own tissues. The disease is more common and more severe in men. It often runs in families. Early symptoms include back pain and stiffness. These problems often start in late adolescence or early adulthood. Over time, ankylosing spondylitis can fuse your vertebrae together, limiting movement. Symptoms can worsen or improve or stop altogether. The disease has no cure, but medicines can relieve the pain, swelling and other symptoms. Exercise can also help.
Gout Gout is a common, painful form of arthritis. It causes swollen, red, hot and stiff joints. Gout occurs when uric acid builds up in your blood. This happens if your body produces extra acid or does not eliminate enough, or if you eat too many foods with purines, such as liver and dried beans. Pseudogout has similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. However, it is caused by calcium phosphate, not uric acid. Often, gout first attacks your big toe. It can also attack ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers and elbows. You are more likely to get gout if you:1. Are a man, 2. Have family member with gout, 3. Drink alcohol At first, gout attacks usually get better in days. Eventually, attacks last longer and occur more often. Uric acid buildup can lead to kidney stones. Untreated gout can cause permanent joint and kidney damage. You can treat gout with medicines.
FAQ
1. 2. What holds the bones in a joint? Which structure connects two bones in a joint? Answer 2 3. 4. 5. When do two bones get disjointed? Answer 3 How can the disjointed bones be set right? Answer 4 Why does a sound come out when we crack our knuckles? Answer 5 Answer 1
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Why plastering is done over joints when there is dislocation?
Activity
Visit and take advices from a doctor to keep our skeletal system in good condition
CORRECT!
WRONG
Answer 1
Ligament
Answer 2
Synovial Capsule
Answer 3
If a lot of pressure falls on the joint, two bones get disjointed
Answer 4
It can be set right by applying pressure in reverse direction (by a physician/orthopedician)
Answer 5
The sound is because of breaking the vacuum present in the synovial capsule.