BEARING

Format of presentation

What is bearing? History. Bearing loads. Principles of operations. Lubricants Interesting uses. Rolling contact bearings. Components of rolling contact bearing. Types. Bearing materials. Bearing selection. Catalogue information. Design of rolling element bearing. Mounting of bearings. Advantages over sliding friction.

What is Bearing?

It is a device where loads are transmitted through contacting surfaces It is desired to minimize friction and wear Lubricant material between surfaces that reduces friction and wear Any moving part of the machine has to be supported by a relatively stationary part which can be called bearing.

HISTORY

Any early type of liner bearing was an arrangement of tree trunks laid down under loads. The first practical caged roller bearing was invented by JOHN HARRISON in 1760.

Bearing Loads.

Bearing typically have to deal with following types of load. Radial loads. Thrust loads. Combination of both.

Radial loads.

These loads act towards the centre of bearing along a radius. These loads are created by spur gears, V belt drives & Chain drives

Thrust loads.

These loads are those that act parallel to the axis of shaft. Bearing supporting shafts are subjected to thrust loads due to weight of shaft & elements on shaft & also due to axial operating forces.

Combination of both.

The bearing like shown is like the one in the hub of your car wheel. This bearing has to support both a radial load & a thrust load.

Principles of operation.

Sliding bearings (bushing, journal, sleeve) Rolling element bearings Fluid bearings. Magnetic bearings.

Lubricants

Oil heavy petroleum distillate, animal oils, vegetable oils plus additives Grease Used as a barrier to dirt and debris. No circulation, thus no cooling or cleaning. Solid graphite, teflon

Bearings classification
Types of bearings
Sliding Rolling

Journal

thrust

Other types

Some interesting uses.

Magnetic bearings high speed devices like advanced flywheel energy storages system use magnet bearings. Giant roller bearings This is use when large heavy objects needs to be moved

Giant ball bearings.

This technology is used in advanced building constructions like San Francisco international airport to withstand earth quakes.

Technology

The 267 columns that support the weight of the airport each ride on a 5-foot-diameter (1.5-meter) steel ball bearing. The ball rests in a concave base that is connected to the ground. In the event of an earthquake, the ground can move 20 inches (51 cm) in any direction. The columns that rest on the balls move somewhat less than this as they roll around in their bases, which helps isolate the building from the motion of the ground. When the earthquake is over, gravity pulls the columns back to the center of their bases.

Rolling element bearings

It is bearing that carries a load by placing round element between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes element to roll with little sliding. Rolling element can be spherical ball or some kind of roller.

Rolling Elements Bearings

Substitute rolling friction for sliding friction Compose of four elements: Outer ring, which contains outer raceway Rolling elements, balls, rollers, tapered rollers, needles Inner ring, which contains inner raceway Separator/retainer

Categories: Radial, Thrust and Angular

Components of rolling element bearing

The components includes inner race. rolling element. outer race. separator, retainer, or cage shoulders. snap ring groove seal or shield notch. seal or shield groove.

Types of rolling element bearing

They are classified as ball bearings. roller bearings. ball thrust bearings. roller thrust bearings taper roller thrust bearings.

Ball bearings.

These can handle both radial & thrust loads. these can be divided as single row deep groove ball bearing. double row deep groove ball bearing. angular contact ball bearing. Duplex ball bearings. Four point ball bearing.

Single row deep groove ball bearings

They are highly suitable for applications where high speed & low power loss are required

Angular Contact Ball Bearings

Single row angular contact ball bearings. They can handle radial & also axial loads

Double row angular contact ball bearings. They can handle axial load loads in either direction.

Duplex bearings
A combination of two radial bearings is called duplex bearings. Usually combination is ball bearing or tapered bearings.

Four point ball bearings.

The inner ring & outer rings are separable .They can take axial loads in either direction.

Roller bearings
These can handle greater radial loads.
They are classified as Cylindrical roller bearings. Spherical roller bearings. Tapered roller bearings. Needle roller bearings.

Cylindrical roller bearings

They can handle high radial load capacity & are suitable for high speeds.

Spherical roller bearings

Tapered roller bearings

Needle roller bearings

The applications is in pumps ,universal joints, precision instruments & household appliances.

Thrust ball bearings.

These are used for low speed application & cannot handle much radial load.

Single direction thrust ball bearings

Double direction thrust ball bearings

Roller thrust bearing.

They can support large thrust loads. Applications are in gear sets like car transmission between gears. Between housing & rotating shafts.

Spherical roller thrust bearings

Lubrication basic types

No contact No wear

Some contact Mild wear

Significant wear

Hydrodynamic lubrication : Complete surface separation by a highly pressurized gas or fluid

Variation of Co-efft. of friction

-Viscosity: the higher viscosity the lower speed needed to float the journal at a given load (Also as increases, f also increases N rev/sec: the higher n the lower is needed to float the journal at a given load (also as n increases, f also increases) P=W/DL Bearing unit load (load/projected area) the smaller P the lower and n needed to float the journal

tyres

Hydrodynamic lubrication

Lubricating oil in the boundary layer of the rotating shaft flows into converging zone between the shaft and bearing,moving the shaft slightly to the left of center. The surfaces of the shaft and the bearing are completely separated by the lubricant. The shaft rotation also causes the lubricant layer to be continuously replenished.

Grease or oil when and where

Grease
1. Temperature is not over 200oF 2. Speed is low

Oil
Temperatures are high Speed is high

3. Unusual protection is required from entrance of foreign matter

4. Simple bearing enclosures are desired lubrication 5. Operation for longer periods without attention is desired.

Oil tight seals are readily employed

Bearing type is not suitable for grease The bearing is lubricated from a central supply which is also used for other machine parts

Bearing selection

It involves, Load carrying capacity. Geometry of bearing grade of precision (usually ABEC 1). lubricant. Closure (open, shielded or sealed). Maximum speed.

Design life.

Catalogue information for rolling contact bearings

Bearing manufactures catalogues provides information such as bearing numbers. dimensional information. rated load capacities. bearing weight. Details regarding mounting & lubrication.

Bearing number
Bearing numbers are alphanumeric combinations that indicate the bearing type, boundary dimensions, dimensional and running accuracies, internal clearance, and other related specifications. They consist of basic numbers and supplementary symbols.

Formulation of bearing numbers