Chettinad college of engineering and technology- karur WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Submitted by P.Priyadharsini T.Yuvapiriyaa

Wireless Comes of Age

Guglielmo Marconi invented the wireless telegraph in 1896

Communication by encoding alphanumeric characters in analog signal

Communications satellites launched in 1960s Advances in wireless technology

Radio, television, mobile telephone, communication satellites

More recently

Satellite communications, wireless networking, cellular technology

Broadband Wireless Technology

Higher data rates obtainable with broadband wireless technology

Graphics, video, audio

Shares same advantages of all wireless services: convenience and reduced cost

Service can be deployed faster than fixed service No cost of cable plant Service is mobile, deployed almost anywhere

Limitations and Difficulties of Wireless Technologies

Wireless is convenient and less expensive

Limitations and political and technical difficulties inhibit wireless technologies Lack of an industry-wide standard Device limitations

Modes of wireless communication

Wireless communication can be via:

Radio frequency communication. Microwave communication, for example long-range line-ofsight via highly directional antennas, or short-range communication. Infrared (IR) short-range communication, for example from remote controls or via Infrared Data Association (IrDA).

Applications may involve point-to-point communication, point-to-multipoint communication, broadcasting, cellular networks and other wireless networks.

Transmission Fundamentals

Data communications concepts

Includes techniques of analog and digital data transmission

Channel capacity Transmission media Multiplexing

Multiplexing
Multiplexing is sending multiple signals or streams of information on a carrier at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal and then recovering the separate signals at the receiving end.

In analog transmission, signals are commonly multiplexed using frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). In digital transmission, signals are commonly multiplexed using time-division multiplexing (TDM).

Communication Networks

Comparison of basic communication network technologies

Circuit switching Packet switching Frame relay ATM

An overview for networking

MN

router home network Internet mobile end-system

FA
router end-system

foreign network

(current physical network for the MN) router

CN

Circuit switching and packet switching

A type of communications in which a dedicated channel is established for the duration of a transmission. The other common communications method is packet switching, which divides messages into packets and sends each packet individually. The Internet is based on a packet-switching protocol, TCP/IP. Packet-switching networks are more efficient if some amount of delay is acceptable. Circuit-switching networks are sometimes called connection-oriented networks.

Frame Relay

Frame relay is a telecommunication service designed for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks (LANs) and between end-points in a wide area network (WAN).

Frame relay puts data in a variable-size unit called a frame and leaves any necessary error correction (retransmission of data) up to the end-points, which speeds up overall data transmission.

Protocols and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Protocol architecture Overview of TCP/IP Open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model Internetworking

OSI model and TCP/IP protocol siute

OSI model

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection effort at the International Organization for Standardization. It is a way of sub-dividing a communications system into smaller parts called layers.
In 1978, work on a layered model of network architecture was started and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) began to develop its OSI framework architecture.

Layers of OSI model and their protocols

7.Application Layer DNS FTP HTTP SMTP Telnet 6. Presentation Layer XDR TLS SSL 5. Session Layer SAP SIP PPTP 4. Transport Layer TCP UDP SCTP DCCP 3. Network Layer ICMP IGMP 2. Data Link Layer ARP RARP Ethernet Frame relay 1. Physical Layer Ethernet USB Bluetooth

TCP/IP protocol suite

The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is commonly also known as TCP/IP The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol suites, is constructed as a set of layers. Each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data. The TCP/IP model consists of four layers From lowest to highest, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer.

Concept of TCP/IP layers

The TCP/IP suite uses encapsulation to provide abstraction of protocols and services. Such encapsulation usually is aligned with the division of the protocol suite into layers of general functionality. In general, an application (the highest level of the model) uses a set of protocols to send its data down the layers, being further encapsulated at each level. This may be illustrated by an example network scenario, in which two Internet host computers communicate across local network boundaries constituted by their internetworking gateways (routers).

Protocols for each layer

Application layer:

DNS, TFTP, TLS/SSL, FTP, HTTP, IMAP, IRC, NNTP, POP3

Transport layer:

TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP, RSVP

Internet:

IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP

Link layer:

ARP, RARP, OSPF (IPv4/IPv6), IS-IS, NDP

Wireless Networking

Examines major types of networks

Satellite-based networks Cellular networks Cordless systems Fixed wireless access schemes

Use of mobile IP and Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) to provide Internet and Web access

Mobile IP and Wireless Access Protocol

Modifications to IP protocol to accommodate wireless access to Internet Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

Provides mobile users access to telephony and information services including Internet and Web Includes wireless phones, pagers and personal digital assistants (PDAs)

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is an open specification for wireless communication and networking

Personal computers Mobile phones Other wireless devices

References

http://docs.hp.com/en/T142890017/ch01s05.html
http://www.wireless-center.net/GeneralWireless/1162.html

Conclusion

The benefit of wireless networks is driving the explosive growth of the WLAN market. Where security has been the single largest concern for wireless network deployment in the corporate setting, strong security solutions are available to make wireless networks as secure as wired networks

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is capable of preventing most sophisticated attacks on wireless networks
This approach offers a pragmatic solution to wireless security and can resolve the single largest barrier to WLAN deployment for IT managers