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NERVOUS SYSTEM
a. b.
through a nervous system by means of chemical known as hormones The function of the nervous system may be deduced from these statement We receive information about our surroundings from the sense organs(or receptors) by the way of sensory nerves. We process that information in the brain and spinal cord. We react or respond to that information through a command from the brain and spinal cord by way of motor nerves to the effectors
Effector a cell or organ that demonstrate the bodys response to whatever incites it to action.
Dendrites relay signals toward the cell body Axons conduct signals away from the cell body
a. Sensory neurons carry impulse to the brain or spinal cord b. Motor Neurons carry impulse to the brain and spinal cord to the muscles
c. Interneurons integrate data from sensory neurons
THE BRAIN
The human brain, which weighs about 1 kilogram, is made up of billions of neurons and a large number of supporting cells
Location
Function
Controls learned behavior; concerned with the phenomena of consciousness, memory, insight, interpretation of sensations, and intelligence Serves as relay center for sensory impulses; regulates and coordinates external manifestation of emotions Regulates body temperature, appetite, water balance, blood pressure, sleep, carbohydrate and fat metabolism
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
II. Mdbrain
Found in front of Contains center visual and auditory the cerebellum reflexes and the pons 1. Pons Found below the cerebellum Coordinates muscle movement in the two sides of the body
III. Hindbrain
2. Medulla Oblongoata
Its nerve centers control respiration, heartbeat, swallowing, vomiting, and constriction and dilation of blood vessels.
The PNS is the part of the nerve network that connects the central nervous system to the different organs and glands of the body. The PNS is made up of 12 points of nerves originating from the brain (refer to as cranial nerves) and 31 pairs of nerves originating from the spinal cord (referred to as spinal nerves). The PNS has two divisions: the somatic (or voluntary) system .
The somatic system connects the brain and spinal cord to voluntary muscles (or the skeletal muscles) The autonomic system, on the other hand, connects the brain and spinal cord to involuntary muscles. These are muscles that are not under the control of the will such as those of internal organs the heart, blood vessels, lungs, food tube, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, etc. Each internal organ has two autonomic nerves: sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.