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Presentation by:
Issues to be covered:
Introduction to IFRSs Effective IFRSs/IASs on 1-1-2012 Ineffective IFRSs/IASs on 1-1-2012 Corporate Reporting in Bangladesh Adoption of IFRSs/IASs in Bangladesh Recent Developments in IFRSs/IASs
Recent Developments FRAMEWORK IFRSs on Inter-Entity Investments: Recent Amendments [IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IFRS Conclusion
12, IFRS 13, IAS 27 & IAS 28]
Introduction to IFRSs
Accounting or reporting standards provide principles for preparing financial reports and determine the types and amounts of information that must be provided to users of financial information, including investors and creditors, so that they may make informed decisions (CFA Institute 2010: 103). According to the definition under paragraph 7 of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) are Standards and Interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They comprise: (a) International Financial Reporting Standards; (b) International Accounting Standards; and (c) Interpretations developed by the IFRS Interpretations Committee or the former Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) (IASB 2011).
Note: The IFRS Interpretations Committee was until 2002 known as the Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC), and between 2002 and 31 March 2010 known as the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC).
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Sept. 2008 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NYE NYE NYE NYE NYE Yes Yes Yes Yes
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Dec. 2009 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NYE NYE NYE NYE NYE Yes Yes Yes Yes Dec. 2011 status Effective on or after 01.01.2009 01.01.2007 01.01.2010 01.01.2010 01.01.2007 01.01.2007 01.01.2010 01.01.2010 01.01.2007 01.01.2007 01.01. 1999 01.01.2007
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9* 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
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Sept. 2008 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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Dec. 2009 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dec. 2011 status
Effective on or after
01.01.2007 01.01. 1999 01.01. 1999 01.01.2007 01.01.2007 01.01.2007 01.01.2004 01.01. 1999 01.01.2007 01.01.2010 01.01.2007 01.01.2007
25 26 27 28
29 30 31
32
33 34 35
IAS 29
IAS 31 (May 2011) IAS 32 IAS 33 BAS 32 BAS 33
Yes
01.01.2010 01.01.2007
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Sept. 2008 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ----Yes --**
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Dec. 2009 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes *** ---- --** Dec. 2011 status Effective on or after 01.01. 1999 01.01.2005 01.01.2007 01.01.2005 01.01.2010 01.01.2007 01.01.2007 01.01.2010 01.01.2007 01.01.2007
S U P E R S E E D
---- -----
IAS 22 supers. by IFRS 3 ** IAS 35 supers. by IFRS 5. *** IAS 22 supers. by IFRS 8.
IFRS 10
IAS 27
IAS 28
May 2012
May 2012
Scope
general purpose financial reporting (of the reporting entity) Users a wide range of users existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors Use in making economic decisions in making decisions about providing resources to the entity Informati information about the financial financial information about the on about position, performance and changes reporting entity [thus does not list the in financial position of an entity information within the objective itself]
Transparency, high quality, internal consistency, true and fair view or fair presentation and credibility [as different words to describe information]
A statement of changes in equity for the period; A statement of cash flows (previously titled as cash flow statement) for the period; Notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information; and A statement of financial position at the beginning of the earliest comparative period when an entity applies an accounting policy retrospectively or makes a retrospective restatement of items in its financial statements.
by IFRS 10
*Superseded by IFRS 11
no
Joint Control?
** when the investor's returns from its involvement have the potential to vary as a result of the investee's performance. The investor's returns can be only positive, only negative or wholly positive and negative (IFRS 10.15).
Joint operation
Joint venturer
Separate vehicle
Joint Arrangements
A joint arrangement is an arrangement of which two or more parties have joint control. [IFRS 11:4] A joint arrangement has the following characteristics: [IFRS 11:5] - the parties are bound by a contractual arrangement, and - the contractual arrangement gives two or more of those parties joint control of the arrangement. A joint arrangement is either a joint operation or a joint venture. [IFRS 11:6]
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Joint Arrangements
Joint control Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. [IFRS 11:7] Before assessing whether an entity has joint control over an arrangement, an entity first assesses whether the parties, or a group of the parties, control the arrangement (in accordance with the definition of control in IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements). [IFRS 11:B5] After concluding that all the parties, or a group of the parties, control the arrangement collectively, an entity shall assess whether it has joint control of the arrangement. Joint control exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties that collectively control the arrangement. [IFRS 11:B6] The requirement for unanimous consent means that any party with joint control of the arrangement can prevent any of the other parties, or a group of the parties, from making unilateral decisions (about the relevant activities) without its consent. [IFRS 11:B9] 30
Joint Arrangements
Types of joint arrangements Joint arrangements are either joint operations or joint ventures: A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Those parties are called joint operators. [IFRS 11:15] A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Those parties are called joint venturers. [IFRS 11:16]
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Joint Arrangements
Classifying Joint Arrangements
The classification of a joint arrangement as a joint operation or a joint venture depends upon the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangement. An entity determines the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by considering the structure and form of the arrangement, the terms agreed by the parties in the contractual arrangement and other facts and circumstances. [IFRS 11:6, IFRS 11:14, IFRS 11:17] Regardless of the purpose, structure or form of the arrangement, the classification of joint arrangements depends upon the parties' rights and obligations arising from the arrangement. [IFRS 11:B14; IFRS 11:B15] A joint arrangement in which the assets and liabilities relating to the arrangement are held in a separate vehicle can be either a joint venture or a joint operation. [IFRS 11:B19] A joint arrangement that is not structured through a separate vehicle is a joint operation. In such cases, the contractual arrangement establishes the parties' rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement, and the parties' rights to the corresponding revenues and obligations for the corresponding expenses. [IFRS 11:B16]
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Joint Arrangements
Classifying Joint Arrangements
Structure of the joint arrangement
An entity shall consider: (i) the legal form of the separate vehicle; (ii) the terms of the contractual arrangement; and (iii) when relevant, other facts and circumstances.
Joint operation 33
Joint venture
Joint Arrangements
Classification of a joint arrangement structured through a separate vehicle
Legal form of the separate vehicle Does the legal form of the separate vehicle give the parties rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement? No Terms of the contractual arrangement Do the terms of the contractual arrangement specify that the parties have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement? No Other facts and circumstances
Have the parties designed the arrangement so that: (a) its activities primarily aim to provide the parties with an output (ie the parties have rights to substantially all of the economic benefits of the assets held in the separate vehicle) and (b) it depends, on the parties on a continuous basis for settling the liabilities relating to the activity conducted through the arrangement?
Yes
No Joint Venture
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IAS 27 and SIC-12 contain limited disclosure requirements for consolidated entities and no disclosure requirements for unconsolidated structured entities.
IFRS 12 presents a single disclosure standard for reporting entities with special relationships with other entities, including subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and unconsolidated structured entities.
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Key Definitions
Interest in another entity
[IFRS 12:Appendix A]
Refers to contractual and non-contractual involvement that exposes an entity to variability of returns from the performance of the other entity. An interest in another entity can be evidenced by, but is not limited to, the holding of equity or debt instruments as well as other forms of involvement such as the provision of funding, liquidity support, credit enhancement and guarantees. It includes the means by which an entity has control or joint control of, or significant influence over, another entity. An entity does not necessarily have an interest in another entity solely because of a typical customer supplier relationship.
Structured entity
An entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements.
Key Definitions
[IFRS 12:Appendix A]
Key Definitions
Significant influence
[IAS 28]
power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions but not control them. A holding of 20% or more of the voting power (directly or through subsidiaries) will indicate significant influence unless it can be clearly demonstrated otherwise. If the holding is less than 20%, the investor will be presumed not to have significant influence unless such influence can be clearly demonstrated. [IAS 28.6] The existence of significant influence by an investor is usually evidenced in one or more of the following ways: [IAS 28.7] representation on the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the investee participation in the policy-making process material transactions between the investor and the investee interchange of managerial personnel provision of essential technical information Potential voting rights are a factor to be considered in deciding whether significant influence exists. [IAS 28.9]
Interests in subsidiaries
An entity shall disclose information that enables users of its consolidated financial statements to: [IFRS 12:10] understand the composition of the group understand the interest that non-controlling interests have in the groups activities and cash flows evaluate the nature and extent of significant restrictions on its ability to access or use assets, and settle liabilities, of the group evaluate the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with its interests in consolidated structured entities evaluate the consequences of changes in its ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control evaluate the consequences of losing control of a subsidiary during the reporting period.
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46
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Level 3 inputs: Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. An entity develops unobservable inputs using the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the entity's own data, taking into account all information about market participant assumptions that is reasonably available.
Conclusion
Achieving consistency in financial reporting worldwide is the need of the hour, especially if meaningful comparisons are to be made of financial information emanating from different countries using accounting standards that, until recently, were vastly different from each other. Thus, there has arisen the urgent need for promulgation of a common set of global accounting standards or, in other words, global convergence into a common language of accounting for the financial world. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the standards promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), previously known as International Accounting Standards (IAS) that were issued by the International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC), the IASBs predecessor body, appear to be emerging as the global accounting standards and, according to some, could even qualify for the coveted title of the Esperanto* of accounting (Mirza, Holt and Orrell, 2006: xi).
* Esperanto means an artificial language designed for universal use.
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Q&A