Achieving Sanitation MDG in Uttar Pradesh

Presented at National Seminar on Decentralized Governance in Water & Sanitation in Rural India June 28th, 2012

Uttar Pradesh A Profile

Area 243,290 sq km with population 210 m Contributes nearly 8% of Indias GDP Only 5 countries in the world have more population than Uttar Pradesh One out of every five open defecator in India lives in Uttar Pradesh

State Level Disaggregation of Number of Open Defecators

Kerala Himachal Pradesh Punjab Haryana Gujarat Karnataka Orissa Tamil Nadu West Bengal Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Bihar Uttar Pradesh 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1 4 11 11 27 31 32 39 39 44 49 50 54 71 125 140 Millions

Sanitation Trends
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Second level
Third level
Fourth level Fifth level

Only 6.9% increase in improved sanitation from 1990 to 2006 (16 years)

Sanitation Trends in Rural UP

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Second level
Third level
Fourth level Fifth level

Increased nearly 3 times in last 15 years but grossly inadequate

MDG target for Uttar Pradesh

Projected population of UP in 2015 MDG Target (56.5%) 220 million 124.5 million

MDG achievable at current rate (24%) 53 million Unimproved toilet users Open defecators in 2015 33 millon 135 million

MDG target shortfall

71.5 million

Four Districts Contribute 11% of Open Defecators

District Projected Population of Open Defecators (2007)

Allahabad
Azamgarh Jaunpur Sitapur

4,084,668
3,741,821 3,651,550 3,429,279

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Second level
Third level
Fourth level Fifth level

Open Defecators Second Outline (2007) 18 districts contributeLevel of open 37% Ballia defecation Third Outline 2,625,415 Level Name of District Etah 2,574,837 Fourth Outline Projected Level Population of Deoria Open Defecators 2,561,347Fifth Outline (2007) Budaun Level Gorakhpur 2,561,243Sixth 3,217,968 Outline Barabanki 2,522,946 Level Hardoi Unnao 3,194,743 Seventh Outline 2,472,429 LevelClick to edit Sultanpur 3,097,598 Master text styles

impacting Toilet Use

ave access to toilet facility (%)

Independent Variables

Percent literate Female Population (Age 7+) Percent literate male Population (Age 7+) Households have BPL Card (%) Dist cumulative TSC expenditure per capita Households use piped drinking water (%) Constant

Model 1 0.85 (0.21)***

Model 2

Model 3 0.48 (0.17)***

Model 4 0.42 (0.16)***

Model 5 0.25 (0.18)*

Remarks

0.64 (0.29)** -0.85 (0.11)*** - 0.74 (0.11)*** -0.13 (0.04)*** -0.63 (0.14)*** -0.12 (0.04)*** 0.50 (0.18)*** -17.68 -22.32 0.08 0.07 70 25.30 0.56 0.54 70 27.94 0.61 0.59 70 70 29.86 0.65

R square 0.19 Adjusted R square 0.18 N 70

** significant at 1% level; ** significant at 5% level ; * significant at 10% level

Access to Sanitation vs Female Literacy

80 0 20 40 60

30

40 50 60 Percent literate Female Population (Age 7+)

70 Fitted values

households have access to toilet facility (%)

one percent increase in female literacy in a district is found associated with 0.25% to

Access to Toilet Facility vs Water Supply

80 0 20 40 60

10

20 30 40 households use piped drinking water (%) Fitted values

50

households have access to toilet facility (%)

One percent increase in household piped drinking water in a district is associated with

Access to Toilet Facility vs Poverty

80 0 20 40 60

20 40 households have BPL Card (%) households have access to toilet facility (%)

60 Fitted values

an increase of BPL card holders by 1% in a district results in a decrease of toilet use behavior by

Medical Expenses by Income Quintile

Income Quintile Lowst Quntile 2nd Lowest Middle 2nd Highest Highest

Average Monthly Income medical expenses on diarrhoea, cough, fever

Rs 873

Rs 2,186

Rs 3789

Rs 6074

Rs 38,143

Rs 90.98 (10.4%)

Rs 192.36 (8.8%)

Rs 290.63 (7.7%)

Rs 507.92 (8.4%)

Rs 1071.51 (2.8%)

Net Social Benefits of Total Sanitation

Reduction of deaths of children below 5 years by 90,000 to 100,000 per annum Averted loss of wages on account of sickness

Averted cost of medicines for treating sickness

Net Social Benefits of Total Sanitation in Uttar Pradesh is Rs 10,244 crores (NPV, at 10% discount rate), which is equal to 4% of State

Conclusions
Focus on districts with higher concentration of Open Defecators (4 plus 18) Give priority to those districts which have higher female literacy because of higher chance of success Give priority to districts with better water supply systems because of higher chance of success

Scope for developing innovative health

THANK YOU