Consonant Sounds

/b/ -bad, lab

/m /-man, lemon

/d/ -did, lady

/f /-find, if /g /-give, flag /h /-how, hello /j /-yes, yellow

/n/ -no, ten

// - sing, finger /p /- pet, map /r /-red, try /s /-sun, miss

/k/ -cat, back

/l /-leg, little

/ /-she, crash
/t /-tea, getting

 /t/ check, church // think, both

/ /this, mother
/v /voice, five

/w/ wet, window

/z /zoo, lazy / /pleasure, vision /d/ just, large

The t sound becomes voiced and is pronounced like a quick d sound when it occurs in the middle of a word after a vowel sound or r sound (including all r-controlled vowels) and before a vowel sound, r sound (including all r-controlled vowels) or a syllabic l sound. Example: Water Wader City Cidy

The t is a regular, aspirated t sound when it is the first sound of a word or a stressed syllable .
Example: Tape Pat Trap

The [t]is held when there is an [n] after [t], strictly saying, it is not a [t] at all. If you have [n] immediately after [t], you don't pop the [t]the tongue is in the [t] position, but your release the air for the [n] not the [t]. An important point to remember is that you need a sharp upward sliding intonation up to the "held T," then a quick drop for the N.

Example: Written-Wrin Kitten-Kin

 The letter t is optionally omitted (not said) when it follows

an n sound and precedes a vowel sound, r sound (including all r-controlled vowels) or a syllabic l sound. In addition to the above instances of omitting the t sound, it is often omitted when it occurs between two consonant sounds (except the consonants specifically mentioned for the quick d sound and glottal stop).
Example: Winter-Winner Interview-Innerview Center-Cenner

To form the American English "r", follow these steps in this order: Make a circle with your lips. Open your mouth slightly Curl the tip of your tongue up toward the roof of your mouth, but make sure it does NOT touch anything. With the tip of your tongue curled up, you should also be able to feel the middle part of your tongue raised up toward the roof of your mouth, just where the arch is (the part of the roof of your mouth that is the highest). You may also be able to feel the sides of your tongue pressing against your upper side teeth in the back of your mouth

The M consonant. This sound is simply made by pressing the lips together lightly, mm, mm, while making a sound with the vocal cords, mm, mm. The M consonant sound is one of the few sounds in American English where the soft palate remains down like the mouth at rest. This allows air to pass up over the soft palate, which results in the sound feeling somewhat in the nose, which is why it is categorized as a nasal consonant

 The Voiceless th- keep your mouth slightly open so

there is just enough space to place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Flatten the tip of your tongue and touch the tip of your upper teeth. Push out a voiceless stream of air over the tongue through your teeth. The Voiced th - keep your mouth slightly open so there is just enough space to place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Flatten the tip of your tongue and touch the tip of your upper teeth. Push out a voiced air over the tongue through your teeth.

There is a voiced and unvoiced f sounds. These sounds happen when we place our bottom lip lightly against our upper teeth, and push air through the small space between the teeth and the lip.

Examples: leaf, leave few, view refuse, reviews proof, prove

The s sound is much like the unvoiced while the z sound is the voiced. In pronouncing s is made with the teeth nearly closed in a natural bite position and the lips parted as though smiling. The sides of the tongue are raised against the upper side teeth. The tip of the tongue may vary as to the position but is usually raise to approximate a place behind the upper front teeth. The tongue should form a groove down the center, through which the breath is directed in a continuous stream. While z is much more stressed.

's' is often pronounced /z/ when it comes between two vowel sounds (NB: not vowels, but vowel sounds), unless it's doubled. House = /s/ because the 's' is the final sound in the word Housing = /z/ because the 's' is surrounded by /au/ and /I/
But there are so many exceptions it's ridiculous. There's often a difference to distinguish two similar words: loose = /s/ lose = /z/ yet there's sometimes no difference when there should be and it would be useful: desert = /z/ dessert = /z/

 Stops[p,t,k,b,d,g]- Light puffs or expulsion;produced

with the air passage completely closed and then suddenly opened permitting release of air. Fricatives[f,v,,,h,s,,z ,]- Produced with a narrowing of the oral cavity and grooving of the tongue. Affricatives[t, d]- Both stops and fricatives, temporary
closure and release, and grooving of the tongue. Nasal[m,n]-produced when the air stream passes throught the nose cavity.

 Lateral[l]- Produced eith the center of the oral cavity

obstructed by the tongue so that the air passes along one or both sides of the tongue.
Retroflex[r]- Begins with a backward movement of

the tongue.
Semi Vowels[w,y]- Have the characteristics of both

vowels and consonants; free flow air and stricture in the oral cavity.