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Proponents & Principles: Watson Pavlov Master subtitle style Click to edit Thorndike
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One of the most controversial experiments in the history of psychology It was an experiment showing empirical evidence of classical conditioning in humans The goal of the experiment ;
to show how principles of, at the time recently discovered, classical conditioning could be applied to condition fear of a white rat into "Little Albert", an 8month-old boy
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all behaviors are learned. all phobias are most likely conditioned. phobias were probably either a fear of the original stimulus or that they had been transferred to other stimuli, as the person grew older.
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Born in Russia Studying physiology He was noted for his work on the physiology of digestion and was awarded the Nobel Prize for work in this area. However, he only became interested in psychology in 1900 at the age of 50.
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Classical Conditioning
In his classic experiment with dogs, he measured the saliva secreted by the animals when food was given.
Figure 1: Dog with tube inserted in its cheek. When the dog salivates, the saliva is collected in the test tube and its quantity is recorded on the rotating drum 7/27/12
He gave a hungry dog a bowl of food. The dog is hungry, the dog sees the food and the dog salivates. Food Unconditione d Stimulus (US) Salivation Unconditione d Response (UR)
Next, Pavlov, presented the hungry dog with food and simultaneously rang a bell, and the dog salivated. Food
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Salivatio n Unconditioned
Response (UR)
Bell
Conditioning Stimulus (CS)
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This time Pavlov rang only the bell at mealtime, but he did not show any food. Guess what the dog did. Bell Salivatio n
Conditioning Stimulus (CS) Conditioning Response (CS)
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In short:
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Classical Conditioning
An unconditioned stimulus (food) An unconditioned response (salivation) A conditioned stimulus (bell) A conditioned response (dog salivate every time bell is rings)
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Step 2
Step 3
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It is the first day in school and suddenly Suzy hears her teacher Ms. Lim yell Keep Quiet at the top of her voice. Suzy was startled and terrified and started to cry. In the next few days, whenever Ms. Lim entered the class she cried. She had associated the presence of Ms. Lim with fear. In other words, she has been conditioned to respond by crying whenever encountering Ms. Lim even though she had not yelled, Keep Quiet.
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Step 2
Step 3
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Classical Conditioning
Using classical conditioning, teacher have the ability to: affect students likes/dislikes Influence our students attitude Develop a respects for authority
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1874 1949 doctoral thesis entitled Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Process in Animals in 1898. trial-and-error
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Connectionism
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stimulus
response
People of higher intellect formed more bonds between stimuli and 7/27/12
Complex ideas
pre-requisite concepts
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Positive reinforcemen t