GJSM

WORK STUDY
By: Vidhi Faculty, GJSM

Introduction
Means of improving ways and means of doing things is called Method study The aspect of setting work standards for comparison, control and other managerial action purposes is termed as Work measurement. Since the standards are mentioned in time units required to perform a job, Work Measurement is alternatively called Time Study Method study and Time study together comprise Work Study Work Study: The greatest production results when each worker is given a definite task to be performed in a definite time in a definite manner
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Introduction of Method Study

Systematic recording, analysis and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work and the development and application of easier and newer production methods Involves systematic, orderly and scientific approach to problems Applications: Improved layout of office, working area or factory Improved design of plant and equipment Improved use of material, plant, equipment and manpower

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 Most effective handling of material Improved flow of work Better working conditions Improved achievement with less effort Productive and efficient utilization of human effort

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Six basic steps for method study

Select select the work to be studied Record record all the relevant facts of the present (or proposed) method by direct observation Examine examine the facts critically in sequence Develop develop the best method, i.e. most practical, economic and effective under prevailing circumstances Install install that method as the standard practice Maintain maintain that standard practice by regular routine checks

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Recording
SYMBOL ACTIVITY Operation PURPOSE Indicates the main steps in a process, method of procedure Indicates inspection check, measurement, visual scrutiny for quality or quantity Indicates movement of workers, materials or equipment

Inspection

Transport

Temporary storage or delay Indicates a delay in sequence or events

Storage

Indicates controlled storage where an item is retained for reference purpose

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WORK MEASUREMENT
It is the application of the technique designed to establish the time taken for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance. Purpose to determine the allowed time for a qualified worker to perform a given task, using a prescribed method, under a given set of conditions Work is divided into simple definable activities and assigned a time value. Usually undertaken after method study to first decide the best method of doing job and then Finding out the time required to do the same

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Objectives
Main objective is to obtain the time standard. The performance of an operator is then measured against it for the following purposes: Correct loading of labor Correct loading of plant and machinery Maintenance of sound incentive schemes Initial costing of product and subsequent control of these costs Assisting the future planning of the department Assisting method study in the choice of better and quicker methods
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Procedure & Techniques

Procedure Similar to method study Includes selecting, recording, examining, measuring, compiling and defining work measurement Techniques Time study applicable to repetitive work Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS) applicable to repetitive and non - repetitive work

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Time Study
Carried out with direct observation of a work while it is being performed Records the time required to perform a task during a cycle Defined as technique for determining as accurately as possible, the time required to carry out a specific task by a qualified worker at a defined level of performance .

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 Essentials for time study An accurate specification of job A system of recording the observed time taken by workers to do the job A clear concept of what is meant by standard rating Means to assess amount of rest required during job Availability of measuring equipment

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 Objectives of Time Study Establish standard times Rate operator performance Gain information to calculate overall production capabilities

Advantages Knowledge about Standard Times to be expected Ability to estimate total Work content Operators can be appraised on factual grounds

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 Breaking the operation into elements Number of cycles to be timed Observing and recording the time taken Performance rating Obtaining basic time BT = OT x Rating factor Allowances (Process, Relaxation, Policy) Allowed time

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Predetermined Motion Time Systems

Based on the theory that all manually performed work is done by motions of the human body For practical purposes there can only be finite number of motions Basic elements include:
Reach for an object or a location Grasp an object Move an object a specified distance to a specified place Release it Walking to a specific place Bending down Kneeling on one or both knees Foot & leg motions Sitting down & standing
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Other basic activities are

Work Study

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 Method study

WORK STUDY Time Study

Higher Productivity

Improved planning

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 Work study is the systematic examination of the methods of carrying out activities and to set up standards of performance for the activities carried out Objectives
To save time & cost To analyze present method and develop new and better methods To increase productivity To improve efficiency of work so that resources could be effectively used Reduce cost and time for manufacturing Production of more qualitative product Improved layout Better working conditions Basis of reward Provide better control & performance
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Benefits