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demonstrated that the Great Potato Blight of Ireland was caused by a Fungus
Ignaz Semmelweiss:
Semmelweis was a physician began requiring medical students to wash hands with chlorinated lime water. Demonstrated that childbed fever (puerperal fever), caused by streptococcal infections, was transmitted to patients by doctors hands Pioneer of antisepsis.
A young milkmaid informed the physician Edward Jenner that she could not get smallpox because she had already been sick from cowpox.
1796: Edward Jenner inoculated a person with cowpox virus. The person was then protected from smallpox. Called Vaccination (from vacca for cow)
He observed that Penicillium notatum fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S. aureus 1940s: Penicillin was tested clinically and mass produced.
In 1945, Flemming, Florey and Chain shared the nobel prize in physiology and medicine for the discovery of penicillin.
Gelatin not useful as solidifying agent (melts at >28 degrees Celsius and some bacteria hydrolyze it with enzymes) Fannie Hesse, the wife of one of Kochs assistants, proposed using Agar Obtained from dried sea weeds (Gelidium Sp.) Not digested by most bacteria Used today in solid media solidifies at 45C and melts at 90C, Richard Petri, another of Kochs assistants, developed the Petri dish