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What is GENETICS?
What is GENETICS?
The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of genes.
What is a GENE?
What is a GENE?
The material that controls which traits are expressed in an organism Genes come in pairs and offspring inherit one copy of each gene from each parent
Define HEREDITY
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
Define ALLELE
The different forms of a trait that a gene may have One form of a gene
Define TRAIT
Ways of looking, thinking, or being Traits that are genetic are passed down through the genes from parents to offspring
Describe RECESSIVE
Describe RECESSIVE
A trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear Hidden when the other copy of the gene contains the dominant allele. A recessive allele shows up only when there is no dominant allele present Shown with a lower-case letter
What is HOMOZYGOUS?
What is HOMOZYGOUS?
Both alleles [forms of the gene] are the same When offspring inherit two dominant genes, (one dominant gene from each parent) they are said to be homozygous dominant When offspring inherit two recessive genes, (one recessive gene from each parent) they are said to be homozygous recessive
What is HETEROZYGOUS?
What is HETEROZYGOUS?
When alleles occur in different forms When offspring inherit one dominant gene and one recessive gene, they are said to be heterozygous Since the dominant gene will be expressed, they are said to be heterozygous dominant
Describe CO-DOMINANCE
Describe CO-DOMINANCE
When an organism has two different alleles for a gene that does not follow the dominant/recessive pattern The organism shows a trait that is a blend of the traits represented by the two alleles Also called INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Describe CO-DOMINANCE
For example:
The gene for the color of some flowers has one allele for red and one for white. When both alleles are present, neither is dominant, and the flower color is pink
Describe DOMINANT
Describe DOMINANT
A trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait Trait that always shows up, even when only one of the two alleles is in the dominant form Shown by a capital letter
Define GENOTYPE
Define GENOTYPE
An organism's genetic makeup
Define PHENOTYPE
Define PHENOTYPE
Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism