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Phylum Arthropoda
09 April 2012
Arthropoda.ppt
Phylum Arthropoda
(jointed feet )
Huge group, > 1,000,000 species. estimate: 1,000,000 spp. arthropods 1,190,000 spp. animals ~ 84% of all animal species are arthropods!!
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Phylum Arthropoda
How can we explain the success of the arthropods?
Exoskeleton!
09 April 2012
Arthropoda.ppt
Phylum Arthropoda
Exoskeleton of chitin and protein (= cuticle) structure: epicuticle (oily, waxy) exocuticle (chitin & protein) endocuticle (chitin only) epidermis secretes cuticle
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Exocuticle absent from joints; may form hinges. Endocuticle alone allows flexibility.
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Molting (1)
Secretion of "molting fluid" to dissolve old endocuticle.
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Molting (2)
New cuticle formed under old exocuticle. Break out of old cuticle
Old cuticle breaks at line of weakness
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Molting (3)
Inflate with water/air to increase size while skeleton soft,
but soft skeleton & gravity limit size; arthropods are mostly small.
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Growth stages
Arthropod passes thru 3-20+ growth stages in life cycle. Some stop molting as adults (insects, most spiders) Some continue to molt (crayfish, tarantulas)
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Benefits of Exoskeleton:
to individuals:
Support Locomotion
lever system walk, swim, fly
Mechanical protection (armor) Retards evaporation (in air) and/or osmosis (in water)
water balance.
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Benefits of Exoskeleton:
to the phylum:
Reduction of coelom & segmentation
Abandoned hydrostatic system of annelid-like ancestor) Coelom reduced to pericardial cavity
Tagmosis
Head (~ 4-6 segments)
feeding, sensation
Head appendages
mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds, chelicerae antennae
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Tagmosis
Thorax (~ 3-6 segments)
locomotion, grasping.
Thoracic appendages
walking legs, wings chelipeds
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Tagmosis
Abdomen (~8- 30+ segments)
respiration, reproduction, etc.
Abdominal appendages
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abdominal gills (aquatic insect larvae) swimmerets (crayfish) filtering legs (barnacles) gonopods (crayfish, etc.) spinnerets (spiders)
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Tagmosis
Number of segments/legs in each tagma varies by subphylum, class.
Cephalothorax of 6 segments in Chelicerata
1 pr. chelicerae 1 pr. pedipalps 4 pr. walking legs
2 pr. antennae 1 pr. mandibles 2 pr. maxillae 3 pr. maxillipeds 5 pr. walking legs (1st pair modified as chelipeds)
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobita Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Uniramia
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobita Class trilobites
Three-lobed head & body (left, middle, right) Diverse in Paleozoic ~540-240 MYA Extinct
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
2 pr. Antennae (antennules, antennae) Cephalothorax
13 segments & appendage pairs
Abdomen
variable among Classes
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class shrimps Class barnacles
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Cephalothorax
Jaws are chelicerae Pedipalps 4 pr. Walking legs
Abdomen
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Horseshoe crabs
Horseshoe crabs Scorpions ??
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnids
Lost compound eyes Spiders Daddy-long-legs Amblypygi Mites & ticks more Scorpions ??
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Uniramia
Legs unbranched Class Centipedes
1st legs are fangs
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Millipedes
Double segments (2 pr. legs per segment)
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Classification of Arthropoda
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Insects
Head, thorax, abdomen 2 pr. Wings ~800,000 species, majority of all arthropods
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