Histology of Integumentary System

By Dr. Mudassar Ali Roomi (MBBS, M.Phil.)

1.

The Epithelial root sheath: derived from epidermis

The inner Epithelial root sheath: it represents the superficial layers of epidermis.
Cuticle: consists of single layer of flat horny cells The Huxleys layer: consists of several layers of polyhedral cells The Henles layer: consists of a single row of low columnar cells.

Hair follicle

The outer Epithelial root sheath: it corresponds to stratum Malpighii.

2.

The connective tissue (dermal) root sheath: derived from dermis

Vitreous layer or hyaline layer (glassy membrane): corresponds to basal lamina of epidermis. Middle layer: consists of circularly arranged collagen fiber. It represents papillary layer of dermis. Outer layer: consists of longitudinally arranged collagen fiber. It represents reticular layer of dermis.

Hair follicle

Hair follicle

Androgenetic Alopecia.

 these are simple coiled tubular glands of merocrine variety consisting of a secretory unit and a single duct. Location: These glands are present in skin throughout the body. 1. The secretory unit of eccrine sweat glands is coiled and is embedded in the dermis and is composed of three cell types.
a. Dark cells line the lumen of the gland and contain many mucinogen rich secretory granules. ** b. Clear cells underlie the dark cells, are rich in mitochondria and glycogen, and contain intercellular canaliculi that extend to the lumen of the gland. These cells secrete a watery, electrolyte-rich material. ** c. Myoepithelial cells lie scattered in an incomplete layer beneath the clear cells. They contract and aid in expressing the gland's secretions into the duct.***

Eccrine sweat glands

ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

The duct of eccrine sweat glands is narrow and lined by stratified cuboidal epithelial cells. ***** The cells forming the external (basal) layer of the duct have many mitochondria and a prominent nucleus. a. The duct leads from the secretory unit through the superficial portions of the dermis to penetrate the epidermis and it loses its own wall and spiral through all of its layers to deliver sweat to the outside at sweat pore. b. As the secreted material passes through the duct, its cells reabsorb some electrolytes and excrete other substances (such as urea, lactic acid, ions, and certain drugs). Innervation: eccrine sweat glands are supplied by cholinergic sympathetic fibers. (MCQ) Composition of sweat? Role of sweating?

duct of eccrine sweat glands

eccrine sweat gland

Apocrine sweat glands

Apocrine sweat glands include, specialized sweat glands With large lumen located in various areas of the body (e.g., axilla, areola of the nipple, perianal region and the ceruminous glands of the external auditory canal). 1. These glands do not begin to function until puberty and are responsive to hormonal influences. 2. Their large coiled secretory units are enveloped by scattered myoepithelial cells. 3. These glands empty their viscous secretions into hair follicles at a location superficial to the entry of sebaceous gland ducts. 4. They secrete pheromones. Innervation: adrenergic sympathetic fibers. (MCQ)