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What is it?
RADAR to detect position of objects. Counter measures 1. ECM ( e.g. chaff cartridges) 2. Non ECM Avoiding detection and innovating deception . RCS reductions, acoustics, thermal and other EM emissions
Examples
F 117
B-2 Bomber F-22 Raptor( From YF 23 Platform) SR-71 Black bird HMS Helsingborg
How is it achieved.
Absorbs radar waves or deflects to other directions. Minimizes heat and other emissions from engine and other spots. Makes difficult to detect except closely.
Use of re-entrant triangles behind skin. Distinctive serrations used in external airframes. Propulsion subsystem shaping.
RAMs (contd..)
Small cell foams painted or loaded with absorbing ink. MAGRAM R- Card Absorbing honeycomb
Transparent RAM
Other fields
Reducing RCS alone not enough.
More difficulty is reducing the IR signature.
IR Emission
IR Reduction
Using surface paints Non circular tail pipe
IR Reduction (contd)
IR best transmitted 2.5, 4 and 10 micron bands. IR outside window absorbed by CO2 Passive IR target acquisition systems more used.
Electromagnetic emissions
EM emissions other than IR . The greatest source is RADAR itself.
Shutting down RADAR a solution having negative effects. Radio /radar altimeters and Doppler navigation systems.
EM emissions (contd)
Use of inertial navigation , laser or millimetric wave system Other EM emissions 1. Radio communication 2. ECM exploited (passive listening) 3. Composite materials radiating switching transients Passive sensors (LPI radar in F-22 ), LOS communication, inertial navigation are used.
Acoustics
Most important for submarine & ground vehicles. Rubber mountings, AIP system, slow turning propellers etc.
How to counter.
Background of stealth craft than craft shall be searched for. High flying aircraft with SLAR, FLIR etc are used. Same method advantageously used using satellite.
1. Wavelength unavailability
2. Inaccuracy 3. Size 1. Bistatic radars and
Conclusion.
Stealth technology developed a lot.
Investment needed is very high. High chance of low cost gain. A lot learned about signature reduction and absorption. Useful for other projects. Success yet to be proved extensively.
spared