PRESENTED BYAAKANSHA YADAV EC 3rd year (ms)

A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary capabilities such as sensing, computing, wireless communication capabilities and autonomous power supply within volume of only few millimeters.. Often called MEMS(micro electro-mechanical sensors) Useful in monitoring real world phenomenon without disturbing the original process.

so small and light in weight that they can remain suspended in the environment like an ordinary dust particle. It is very hard to detect the presence of the Smart Dust and it is even harder to get rid of them once deployed.

Given by Kris Pester in 1990s. He set out to build a device having a combination of a sensor, communication device and a small computer into a single packageto monitor many types of physical quantities such as:
Temperature
Humidity Motion Light Levels Pollution etc.

A single Smart Dust mote has: a semiconductor laser diode and MEMS beam steering mirror for active optical transmission a MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for passive optical transmission an optical receiver a signal processing and control circuitry a power source based on thick-film batteries and solar cells.

Thick film battery

Power capacitor
Solar cell CMOS controller Sensor Passive transmitter

Active transmitter
Receiver

Integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate through micro fabrication.

Fabrication -> electronics IC process technique ->micromechanical- micromachining process

SIZE: It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart Dust both
size wise and energy wise. BATTERY: With the devices so small, battery present a massive addition of weight. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Replacing battery not an option. PRICING: Deployment is an expensive affair. PHYSICAL SECURITY: Protection against nature and vandalism.

UPGRADING: Upgrading and resetting manually not desirable.

SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY

2 methods

Passive communication Active communication

PASSIVE

ACTIVE

SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY

11

ACTIVE semiconductor diode, collimating lens, beam steering micro mirror Comparatively high power usage Used only for short duration Inter mote communication present Long range ~ tens of km Higher bit rates ~ few mbps Base station commands & wake up the motes

PASSIVE Uses corner cube retro reflector (CCR)

Low power consumption Can be used for longer duration Inter mote communication absent Short range ~150 m Lower bit rates ~ few kbps Motes transmit periodic information automatically by CCR to base station

Environmental protection (identification and monitoring of pollution). Forest service organisation Military application (monitoring activities in inaccessible areas, accompany soldiers and alert them to any poisons or dangerous biological substances in the air). In chemical plant

Dust particles can be

spread by Unmanned
Air Vehicles (UAVs)

Data can be collected by

sending the same aircraft over that area.

Forest fire detection Implementation : drop smartdust from an airplane Motes self-organize into a network Usage A mote that detects a fire notifies central monitoring station The motes location is the approximate location of the fire

In evaluating the structural soundness of buildings and other structures. Can act as an energy saving initiator. Ex:can sense light,temperature in a room when empty and can provide information to switch off the lights.

THE SIZE OF THESE DUST MOTES IS SO SMALL THAT ITS PRESENCE CANNOT BE DETECTED VISUALLY & CAN BE USED FOR MISCHIEVIOUS WORKS. IT MAY HINDER PRIVACY AND PEOPLE MIGHT ALWAYS BE AFRAID THAT SOMEONE IS MONITORING THEM. THE COST OF THESE MOTES IS QUITE HIGH. MOTES MAY ENTER RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND MAY CAUSE SERIOUS HEALTH TROUBLES. THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF USED BY PEACE HATERS. ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT.(DEAD MOTES RADIATIONS)

SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY

17

There are many ongoing researches on Smart Dust, the main purpose of these researches is to make Smart Dust mote as small as possible and to make it available at as low price as possible. Soon we will see Smart Dust being used in varied application from all spans of life.