Submitted by Sumit Kumar 4th year B.Tech, ECE (2010-13) Branch ECE, SKIT, Jaipur.

Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management & Gramothan , Jaipur

PCS Tech. Started in1983. Global IT Solution provider. PCS Technology is a 100 million dollar company today. Headquartered in Jebel Ali, Dubai. Global presence 32 offices across the globe. Distinct Quality Process ISO 9001:2000 & ISO 14001 certified.

International Operations

India Operations

Sales and Marketing offices Dubai, Africa, USA , Europe Manufacturing facility for desktop, servers and notebooks in Jebel Ali, Dubai Manufactures PCS range of desktops, notebooks and servers Provides IT service support and annual maintenance contract. Head office Mumbai Regional offices - Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Calcutta, Bhopal, and Jaipur
22 branch offices 44 area service centers

Fig. - Brief Architecture of computer H/w

Multi-layered printed circuit board Copper circuit paths called traces carry signals and voltages across the motherboard Some layers carry data for input/output while other layers carry voltage and ground returns Form factors of M/B
3 most common form factor classifications:
Baby AT (11.2" x 8.2") ATX (12" x 9.6) Slimline NLX (8.0" x 10.0)

The motherboard is the hub of all data exchange

The CPU. The Busses. Chips

System BUS

ROM chips/ BIOS chips CMOS storage. Intel chipset 915G. The The chipset(Controllers). south bridge ICH6 is to the left Data Real Time Clock (RTC) -System Clock exchange on the M/B Keyboard Controller - Super I/O controller

Sockets Plugs, connectors and ports Others N/W Interface IC, Sound IC etc

Fig. - Connectors & plugs mounted directly on a motherboard

Fig. - General Motherboard structure

The CPU circuit (the die)

The CPU is mounted on the motherboard, hidden under the cooling fan and heat sink.

Close up of a CPU circuit (die).

Wafer and path from die to pins of CPU

A technician from Intel holding a wafer. This slice of silicon contains hundreds of tiny processor cores,

The underside of a (P4) CPU, showing the many pins.

Cache RAM is much faster than normal RAM

The way the processor uses the L1 and L2 cache.

Bridges connect the various busses together Bus connect various devices

Intel chipset 915G. The south bridge ICH6 is to the left

The two chips which make up the chipset, and which connect the motherboards busses

VIA P4X266A & VT8233C

The north bridge and its immediate surroundings.

Chipset complete Layout

Video card - integrated into the north bridge Sound card - in the south bridge Modem - in the south bridge Network and firewire - in the south bridge Built - in RAID or (seldom) SCSI controller Other network, screen and sound facilities Wireless LAN SmartCard/MemoryStick/etc. readers

Two general methods are used

1. 2.

Computer POST / beep codes PC Analyzer Card code

1. Computer POST / beep codes They are different for different

BIOS manufacture like AMI, Phoenix, IBM, AWARD, Macintosh Example for IBM BIOS
No Beeps - No Power, Loose Card, or Short 1 Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok - No problem 2 Short Beep POST error, review screen for error code - See screen Continuous beep - Power supply failure Repeating short beeps - Power supply failure One long and two short beeps - Display adapter (video card) failure One long and three short beeps - Display adapter (video card) failure

-12

+12 +3.3 +5V

CLK

FRAM IRDY

RST

Current POST Code

Previous POST Code

Visually check dry soldering joints and then resold them Visually check electronic components and replace damaged components

Capacitor Inductor Resistor If still problem occur, we check IC using IC tester and replace it if gone bad If still problem is not resolved then ask expert help

8/18/2012

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8/18/2012

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