Food Informatics: Sharing Food Knowledge for Research & Development

Nicole Koenderink, Lars Hulzebos, Hajo Rijgersberg, Jan Top Nicole.Koenderink@wur.nl Agrotechnology & Food Innovations

Custard
Why does custard taste so creamy? Colour Bite size Odour Oral texture

Movement of tongue Percentage of fat particles

Perception of thickness

Temperature Amount of saliva

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Outline
Problem & Purpose Approach First Results Conclusion & Future Work

AOS Workshop - Use of Ontologies in Applications Nicole Koenderink

Problem & Purpose Food Informatics

Goal: make food-related information available for food researchers. Pay attention to: Relevance Reliability/Quality Timeliness

AOS Workshop - Use of Ontologies in Applications Nicole Koenderink

Problem & Purpose Food Informatics

Food Informatics: develop tools and technologies to enable application of ontologies for knowledge sharing Collaboration between:
Research IT partners Business

AOS Workshop - Use of Ontologies in Applications Nicole Koenderink

Problem & Purpose Food Informatics

However. only few ontologies exist dedicated to the field of food.

Our first purpose: collect structured knowledge on the field of food support users in creating relevant food ontologies

AOS Workshop - Use of Ontologies in Applications Nicole Koenderink

Outline
Problem & Purpose Approach First Results Conclusion & Future Work

AOS Workshop - Use of Ontologies in Applications Nicole Koenderink

Approach relevant knowledge

Ontology contains domain knowledge Without defined purpose it is impossible to determine which knowledge is relevant and thus which knowledge should be added to ontology Traditionally: (purpose) independent representation of domain knowledge
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Approach knowledge acquisition

Interviews, Oral K.A. Our approach Text mining

automation

Complete oral K.A. process: Tedious & time-consuming for expert Complete text mining process: Too generic for purpose-oriented ontology
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Approach

(1) Goal definition

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Approach

(2) Search potential relevant triples

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Approach

(3) & (6) Potential relevant triples

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Approach

(4) Search new information

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Approach

(5) Parsed triples

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Outline
Problem & Purpose Approach First Results Conclusion & Future Work

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First Results
Case study: Research Management System catalogue food according to properties of ingredients

Needed: ontology of food ingredients

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First Results
Triple collection filled with
CABS thesaurus NALT thesaurus AGCOM thesaurus IARC thesaurus USDA thesaurus CARAT thesaurus www.bulkfoods.com Unilever triples

Total amount of triples (May): approx. 350,000

Total: 651640 triples

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First Results

6th AOS Workshop - Use of Ontologies in Applications

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First Results

First Results

step

First Results

cumulative # # of new # of relevant % relevant proposed triples concepts new concepts new concepts

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

181 885 3,505 9,548 19,660 27,183 29,783 30,523 30,764

7 83 319 1,004 1,934 2,831 2,274 532 152 62

7 55 182 552 1,001 775 392 150 36 8

100%

67% 57% 55%

52% 27% 17% 28%

24% 13%

First Results
Result: basis for ontology with 3150 concepts within 4 hours Number of relations per concept varies

Conclusions
Purpose is necessary to define relevant knowledge; ontology is purpose-dependent. With the proposed semi-automatic knowledge acquisition method, the expert decides which knowledge is relevant Observation: it is difficult for an expert to stay focused on the objective of the ontology.
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Conclusions
The proposed two-step approach has as advantage that in a short period many possibly relevant concepts are indicated A drawback of this method is that the expert has to assess each time a huge amount of triples Future work: the method needs a filter routine to assist the expert in this process.
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Conclusions
The relations in the thesaurus are general Future work: the expert must be enabled to redefine relations Example: potato starch is related to potato is changed to potato starch is made from potato or potato starch is substance of potato
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Future Work
Design filter routine Implement redefinition support Expand the triple collection with triples obtained from less structured documents Next step: transform the found collection of concepts and relations to an ontology

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Acknowledgements Questions?
Nicole.Koenderink@wur.nl Thanks to: - Jannie van Beek - Remco van Brakel - the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science - the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs - the Ministry of Agriculture

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Parsing triples Example

adoption UF: product introduction NT: adoption behaviour adoption process adoption behaviour BT: adoption behaviour adoption process BT: adoption

Parsing triples Example

<TERM> := [A-z]1* <RELATION> := [A-z]1* + : <BLANK> := empty line <TERM> [ <RELATION> [ <TERM>]1* ]1* <BLANK>
1 1* 1*

<OBJECT> <PREDICATE> <SUBJECT>

Parsing triples Example

Subject product introduction adoption behaviour adoption process adoption Predicate UF NT NT BT Object adoption adoption adoption adoption behaviour