SMART CARD :Technology Of Secure Information Exchange

Adapted from : http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/smartcard_seminar/14.html

Talk Flow

What is smart card ? Construction of Smart card Typical smart card dimension Functional chip of smart card Basic components of smart card ISO Specifications How does a smart card works ? Smart card Technology Categories of Smart Card Advantages & Disadvantages Applications Conclusion

INTRODUCTION :
Smart cards were introduced in Europe in the beginning of 1990s,basically to reduce theft and fraud in payphones.
WHAT IS A SMART CARD ?

It is like an electronic wallet. A standard credit card sized plastic intelligent token within which Si microchip is embedded. It has a memory & an operating system. Operating system provides standard way of exchanging information. Memory provides the space for storage of data. The chip also contains advanced security features that protects cards data.

CONSTRUCTION OF SMART CARD:

The main storage area in the card is normally EEPROM, which can have its contents updated, and retains current contents when external power is removed. The information or application stored in the IC chip is transferred through an electronic module.
Smart Card Construction.

Adapted from : http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news5/SmartCards.htm

TYPICAL SMART CARD DIMENSION :

Adapted from : http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/35r03/35r03.pdfguid=

FUNCTIONAL CHIP OF SMART CARD:

Adapted from : http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/35r03/35r03.pdfguid=

BASIC COMPONENTS OF SMART CARD :

RFU CLK RST GND RFU CPU I/O Vpp Vcc

Co-processor

INTERNAL BUS

RAM

EEPROM

ROM

ISO SPECIFICATIONS :
ISO has created standard #7816,that specifies the standards regarding Smart Card chip organization. ISO specification for an 8-bit microprocessor card : Contact field #1 always supplies voltage to power the card. Contact field #2 resets the information on the card. Contact field #3 regulates the microprocessor speed by changing clock frequency. Contact field #5 supplies the ground potential. Contact field #7 monitors all communications (serial input/output )to and from the card. These 5 fields are fixed out of 8 & the rest 3 can be designed by the manufacturers. Contact field #6 is given an external voltage for any programming that needs to be done by the card. Contact field # 4 & Contact field #8 are reserved for future use.

How does a smart card works???

CARD IS INSERTED IN THE TERMINAL ATR NEGOTIATES TO SETUP DATA TRANSFER SPEEDS, CAPABILITY TERMINAL SENDS FIRST COMMAND TO SELECT MF CARD GETS POWER ,OS BOOTS UP, SENDS ATR (ANSWER TO RESET) CARD RESPONDS WITH AN ERROR (BECAUSE MF SELECTION IS ONLY ON PASSWORD PRESENTATION) CARD VERIFIES PW,STORES A STATUS PW VERIFIED RESPONDSOK CARD RESPONDS OK CARD SUPPLIES PERSONAL DATA AND RESPONDS OK

TERMINAL ASKS THE USER FOR PASSWORD

TERMINAL SENDS PASSWORD FOR VERIFICATION TERMINAL SENDS COMMAND TO SELECT MF AGAIN TERMINAL SENDS PASSWORD FOR VERIFICATION

SMART CARD THECHNOLOGY

The information or application stored in the IC chip is transferred through an electronic module that interconnects with a terminal or card reader. Two general categories of smart cards according to contactness of card with card reader ; A. CONTACT SMART CARD : It must be inserted into a smart card reader with a direct connection to a conductive gold plated electrical contacts embedded inside it. E.g., GSM SIM CARD in mobile phone. Adapted from : http://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/smart-cards-intro-primer

B.

CONTACTLESS SMART CARD:

It requires only close proximity to a card reader Card must have a micro strip antenna. Communicates using RF technology. The card derive power for the chip form electromagnetic signal. E.g., Mass transit toll collection

Adapted from : http://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/smart-cards-intro-primer

ADDITIONAL CATEGORIES :

A. Hybrid card Smart Card has 2 chips each with its respective contact & contact less interface. The two chips are not connected, but for many application this hybrid serves the needs of consumers and card users. B. Dual Interface Card Card with both contact and contact less interfaces. Security level is very high.

Adapted from : http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news5/SmartCards.htm

According to functionality of chip :

A. IC Microprocessor Cards
Both storage & data processing (addition, deletion &manipulation) is possible. 8-bit processor,32KB ROM,512Bytes of RAM is present. B. IC Memory Cards

It is a memory chip with non programmable logic. Only storage of data is possible. 1-4KB data can be stored. C. Optical Memory Cards

It is a card with a piece of a CD glued on the top. Once written , data cannot be changed or removed. Data storage is up to 4MB.

ADVANTAGES :

Proven to be more reliable than the magnetic stripe card . Can store up to thousands of times of the information than the magnetic stripe card. Reduces tampering through high security mechanism. Can be disposable or reusable. Performs multiple functions. Compatible with portable electronic devices (e.g., PCs, telephones)

DISADVANTAGES:

Smart card technologies will prove to be the killer application for the networked economy. It may replace the magnetic stripe card technology which is most popularly used now-a-days.

Adapted from : http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/smartcard/topic02.html

APPLICATIONS OF SMART CARD :

Telephony Healthcare Services Registration Certificates Driving License Institute ID Card ATM Shopping Computer Networks

Contd

Adapted from : http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/35r03/35r03.pdfguid=

Contd

Adapted from : http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/35r03/35r03.pdfguid=

An Application showing Institute ID card : EF1(Personal Data)

MF
EF1(Address) EF1(Password) EF1(Key)

DF1 (LIBRARY)

EF1(ISSUED RECORD ) Books Book1 Book2 Book3 Date Of Date of issue return

EF2(Inforation) Max.Duration: 21 DAYS Max.Books:4 EF3:Keys K1: Issue Staff Key K2:Admin Staff Key Modifiable by issue Staff Read :ALL

CONCLUSION :

The Biometrics (i.e., fingerprint, voice etc.) will help to identify a person which may prove to be the boon for security of information. Thus the Smartness of smart cards comes from the integrated circuit embedded in the plastic card.

REFERENCES:
[1] http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/smartcard/topic02.html [2] http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news5/SmartCards.htm [3] http://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/smart-cards-intro-primer [4] http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/35r03/35r03.pdfguid= [5] http://home.dei.polimi.it/zanero/papers/security.pdf [6] http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/smartcard_seminar/14.html

THANKING YOU:NAME:BARNALI PATNAIK REG.NO:0911016066 BRANCH:ECE SEC:E