8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Submitted by:Ankita Aggarwal Roll No. 1609211 Submitted to:Er. Radhe Shyam

Content
Introduction to Embedded system Introduction to microcontroller &
microprocessors Introduction to DTMF Snapshot of the project Working of the project DTMF Module 8051 Module H-Bridge Module

What is an Embedded System?

An Embedded System is some combination of

hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable that is specially designed for a particular function. Components that can be used with the system are: Microprocessor Sensors Converters (A/D or D/A) Actuators Memory

Application Area
Automotive Electronic

Aircraft Electronics

Trains

Telecommunication

Microcontroller

A small computer On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports ExampleMotorolas 6811, Intels 8051 and PIC 16X RAM is of 128 & ROM is of 4k bytes Number of I/O pins are 32 Number of serial port is 1 Number of interrupt sources are 6 Contains two bit 16 timer/counter
RAM
Timer

CPU
I/O PORT

ROM
Serial Com port

Single chip

Microprocessor V/s microcontroller

CPU stands alone,
RAM, Rom, I/O are separate Designer can decide on the amount of RAM, ROM, I/O devices Expansive Versatility General purpose

CPU, RAM, ROM &

timer all are on a single chip Fix amount of on chip RAM, ROM & I/O parts Cheaper Single purpose

Microcontroller or Microprocessor
For example, if you want to design a computer, a
microprocessor is a better choice, but it can be also done with a microcontroller, the design and programming will be harder and perhaps more costly, the performance will not reach the microprocessor performance.

In the other hand, if you want a circuit to control a single home appliance, you do not have to use a powerful microprocessor like Pentium with megabytes of RAM, etc . A simple but efficient microcontroller can do the same task for a minimum cost and more efficient design.

DTMF
. DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling
over the line in the voice frequency band to the call switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone dialing is known as touch tone. DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to each key so that it can easily be identified by the electronic circuit.

Snapshot of the project

Block Diagram of DTMF

697 Hz 770 Hz

Row Selector

852 Hz

Desired signal

941 Hz

+
1209 Hz

Dual tone

Column Selector

1336 Hz 1477 Hz

Working of the robot

In this project, the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile phone attached to the robot. In the course of the call, if any button is pressed, control corresponding to the button pressed Is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called dual tone multi frequency tone (DTMF). Based on this tone received the robot takes the appropriate action. The received tone is processed by the AT89S52 microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder IC8870.

Function of the keys

On pressing 2, the robot will move
forward. On pressing 4, the robot will move left. On pressing 6, the robot will move right. On pressing 8, the robot will move backwards. On pressing 5, the robot will stop.

Interfacing motor using H-bridge

H bridge is a circuit
topology that allows bidirectional control of motor Contains four switches Alternative switches are closed at a time Usually H bridge is used to reverse the polarity of a motor Switches are not closed simultaneously as this will lead to short circuit

+ external voltage -

motor

DTMF Module
This module has been used to decode the
signals received from the cell phone and to pass these decoded signals to the 8051 module. 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1447 Hz 697 Hz 1 2 3 770 Hz 4 5 6 852 Hz 7 8 9 941 Hz * 0 #

Snapshot of DTMF Module

Snapshot of 8051 module

8051 Module is the brain of the project.

H-Bridge Module
This module is the motor driver circuit. It drives
the motors forward or backward on the basis of signals received from the 8051 module . The H-Bridge arrangement is generally used to reverse the polarity of the motor, but can also be used to 'brake' the motor, where the motor comes to a sudden stop, as the motor's terminals are shorted, or to let the motor 'free run' to a stop.

Snapshot of the H-Bridge Module

Software used

software used for burning

Data written on the chip looks like

For the co-operation