Submitted By: Gurprinder Kaur 601101007

Clean

energy Decays naturally in few days No harmful gases Hygeine fuel in terms of clenliness Can be used in cars without any much changes Improve mileage and life of engine of car

 First

generation

Biofuels was made from sugar, starch,vegetable oil etc

Second

generation

Biofuels made from non food crops

Third

generation

solar biofuelis biofuel from algae

First generation biofuels made from sugar , starch, vegetable oils etc. The basic feedstocks for the production of these biofuels are wheat, sunflower seeds. It has been criticized for diverting food away from human food chain ,leading to food shortages and price rises.

 Second

crops.

generation biofuels from non food

These

includes waste biomass,stalks of wheat ,corn ,wood. feedstock is abundant,but disposal problem.

This

 Algae

fuel is also called oilgae,is biofuel from algae. Algae are low input, high yield feedstock to produce biofuels. Algae biofuel is an alternative to fossil fuels using earths natural resource.

 Algae

Simple plant Most live in water Photosynthetic

Capture light energy Convert inorganic to organic matter

Uses

food, fertilizer, foodstock, pharmaceutical, pollution control, water treatment, Fuels

Microalgae:
oContains

Macroalgae:
oComposed oProcessed

oil for biodiesel

of starch and cellulose

for ethanol production

oProcessed

production

High growth rate and easy to grow.

Lower cost
High oil content Can grow in everyplace beneficial by-product

 Water
Sunlight Carbon

dioxide

 ALGAE

grows naturally use excess co2 from power plant pollution. Excess from algal biofuel production can feed livestock. Grown in places that are not suitable for agriculture. Superior yield Enhanced efficiencies or reduction in cost

Grown under a conditions which are unsuitable for conventional crop production.
Microalgae are the fastest growing. Under optimum growing conditions microalgae to produce upto 15000 gallons of oil /acre/year.

Capable of fixing CO2 in the atmosphere,which is major cause of global warming. Algae is non-toxic and is highly biodegradable.

 ALGAE

CULTIVATION

BIOMASS

HARVESTING

ALGAL OIL EXTRACTION RESIDUE CONVERSION

OIL AND

Cultivation mainly done in: Open systems

Closed

systems (photobioreactors)

 Less

initial cost Simple construction Almost no electrical power required Easy install in remote areas

 Mal-Odour

in the ponds. Due to lack of

oxygen. Open ponds can get contaminated. Loss of water due to evaporation. Too much sunlight can kill algae. Weather dependence high.

Tubular PBR

Flat plate PBR

 Provide

fast growth of algae with the high contents of oil. Economy of space. The reactor considerably reduces expenditures of labor. The system can work during long periods of time. Light is taken in reactor as much as it considerably increases its productivity. The bioreactor is equipped with convenient system of self cleaning that reduces pollution problem.

 Harvesting

Separating algae from its growing medium is called harvesting. As algae two types: 1.Microalgae Use of settling ponds. Algae stored

2. Macroalgae
o
o

Employes manpower Cuts the seeweed and hauls inside the plastic bags or vessels.

a) Pressing oil from the algae Dry the algae and press the oil from it. While drying must prevent the algae from becoming contaminated Cheapest and simplest method b) Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction c) Chemical Oil Extraction Use hexane solvents to remove the oil. Removes oil out of almost all things.

Algal biomass

Oil extraction Algal oil

ethanol Biofuel syngas

Algal residue
Methane charcoal

 On

huge amount algae growth problem. To keep contaminants out at large scale difficult. Temperature. One of the greatest challenges in creating biofuels from algae is that when you extract the oil from the algae,it kills the organisms, dramatically raising production costs. Hopes for microalgae as a significant source of transportation fuels in the future.

ALGAE FUEL can be a best alternative source of fuel as fossil fuels are depleting day by day. CO2 charges the production of the algae and by the consumption of the biodiesel the CO2 is back in the environment. Thus,ecological balance is maintained So that day is not far when all cars will run on algae fuel.And soon we have a eco friendly drive Thus helping us to take one or more steps towards making human activities more friendly with mother earth.

Cultivating Clean Energy: The Promise of Algae Biofuels A position paper by John R Benemann Sept. 2008 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES BY IN ALGAE BIOFUELSPRODUCTION www.oilage.com ALGAE-BASED BIOFUELSA Review of Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries www.google.com