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Branch :Diploma 1st Sem CIVIL,MECH,ELECTRICAL,COMPUTER Sub :Environmental Conversation hazard management
Natural Resources
Clean Technologies
Chap. 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction
1.1 INTRODUCTION
For
an environmental engineer the environment may carry different meaning. It may regarding study of air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution or land pollution.
1.2 Environment
Defination:
External surrounding and condition directly or indirectly affect the living organism is known as environment.
Human Being
Sand
Plants
Mineral
Animals
BIOTIC
ABIOTIC
1 Atmosphere
2 Lithosphere
3 Hydrosphere
4 Biosphere
1.3.1 Atmosphere
Earth
was formed before four to five billion years and probably there was no atmosphere at that time. The constituents of the atmosphere are nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, and gases like argon,carbon dioxide, helium are in teases. The Concentration of Carbon Dioxide increases by about 1.5 ppm per Year The atmosphere is subdivided into four regions.
Aarsh Mahavidyalaya Prepared By :Bhavesh Sir
ATMOSPHERIC REGIONS
SR.NO NAME OF THE REGIONS 1 2 3 4 Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere HEIGHT IN KM. 0-11 11-50 50-85 85-100 TEMPERATURE 15 to -56 -56 to -2 -2 to -92 -92 to 1200
TROPOSPHERE
Very
important layer touching earth surface. 90%of part atmosphere is covered in this layer. This layer consist oxygen, nitrogen,He, H2,clouds,vapor and sand particles. Height of this layer varies from 0km t0 11km. Air pollutants are much more active in this layer.
STRAT0SPHERE
Layer
above troposphere. No presence of vapour,cloud or sand particle. Ozone is much more present in this layer. Height of this layer varies from 11km to 50km. The earth temperature is maintained due to presence of ozone in this layer.
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MESOSPHERE
Atmospheric
less. Layer above the stratosphere . Height of this layer varies from 50km to 85km. Very cold layer. Gases are active in this layer.
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THERMOSPHERE
Layer
above the mesosphere. Height of this layer varies from 85km to 100km. High temperature is observed due to energy absorption from sun. This layer was used to reflect radio waves before invention of satellite.
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1.3.2. LITHOSPHERE
Plants and vegetation are included in lithosphere. Suitable soil layer support vegetation. As a result of geological processes occurring in nature. Rocks disintegrate continuously and formulation of soil takes place gradully. Depending on different types of soil,variety of food crops can be grown. Soil texture like fine,granular depend on the qualitative composition of soil particle size in the soil mass.
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1.3.3. Hydrosphere
Water
available in oceans,seas, rivers,streams,lakes, under ground aquifers is know as hydrosphere . Major constituent of man, animal and plant is water. Water is essential for life as well as for civilization. About 97% of water is in ocean and 2% water is in the form is in the form of ice caps and glaciers. Remaining only 1% water is in river,stream and lakes for drinking purpose.
Aarsh Mahavidyalaya Prepared By :Bhavesh Sir
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1.3.4. BIOSPHERE
The
shallow outer crust of the earth which includes all the living organisms and their environmental. It extends from the lowest sea bed level to highest point up to about 24km of the atmosphere. Life exists in biosphere. The lives are also available in this biosphere.
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trees, save energy. Water is life. Save water, save energy. Use solar cooker save lpg. Use nirdhum chullah, enjoy working. Develop without destruction. Use less polluting raw material. Maintain vehicle in good condition. Grow trees on Road & Canal sides.
Aarsh Mahavidyalaya Prepared By :Bhavesh Sir
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