ANGLE MEASUREMENTS

B.Ramamoorthy Manufacturing Engg. Section IIT,Madras 600036

ANGLE MEASUREMENTS

Protractors
Angle Gauges Sine bar Autocollimator Electronic Level Clinometer

Beam comparator Spirit level Profile Projector Tool makers microscope Laser Interferometer CMM etc

Angle Gauges
Available in sets 1, 3, 9, 27, 41- degrees

1, 3, 9, 27 - minutes
3, 9, 27 or 6, 12, 18 seconds plus a square block 13 gauges in Set 1 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 45 - degrees 1, 3, 5, 20, 30 - minutes 1, 3, 5, 20, 30 - seconds plus a square block 17 gauges in Set 2

Slip Gauge Set

Wringing of Slip gauges

Clinging power of Slip Gauges

Typical size and shape of an angle Gauge

89

3.2 16 89

Addition & subtraction

Sine Bar
Specified using centre distance 100, 200, 400 mm etc. 4, 5,10 etc. 5 sine bar with error of Centre distance 0.001mm 450 2.8 600 4.0 700 6.0

Sine Bar Centre

Gage Block

Sine Bars - Block Type

Spirit level To measure the angular divergencies

Simple and yet powerful

Sensitivity is defined as the Displacement of bubble / Change in inclination in mm / sec R = L / = 2. 5 mm / 10 secs = 50 m app.

Spirit Level Principle, (R = t / )

R
Sensitivity =Displacement Per scale division of bubble for a Change in inclination ( mm / sec ) R = L/ = 2. 5 mm / 10 secs = 50 m app.

Block Levels

Principle of Auto Collimation

Setting up of Angle gauges for measurement using Angle Dekkor

Angle Dekkor and Eyepiece view

Angle Dekkor Eyepiece view

Seconds scale knob

Minutes scale knob

1 eyepiece

2,4 prisms
3 beamsplitter 5 crosswire 6 lamp 7,8 reflectors 9 objective lens

10 plane of setting images

Optical diagram of a Micro optic Auto collimator

Measuring Ocular and its reticules

1 optical flat 2 minutes scale knob 3 Ocular 4 minute scale 5 Seconds scale 6 Cam 7 Pinion 8 Knob for tilting flat 9 Gear wheel 10 Pin

Optical Flat

Reticules (minutes and Seconds) and Reading of the Ocular

AutoCollimator eyepiece view

Pentag Prism Optical Square

Prisms..

Polygons

Angle Gauges

Slip Gauge Set

Auto Collimator- Squareness testing

Angle Dekkor Checking right angle

Squareness Tester

Squareness checking Dial gauge

Circular Table

Auto collimator-Calibration of a circular Table with a polygon

Circular Table

AC

Square Block

A typical 3D profile of a Surface Plate

Straightness Checking AutoCollimator and reflector

Straightness Checking AutoCollimator and reflector, Readings

Cumulative Error Graph, autocollimator

Cumulative and Actual Error Graphs Autocollimator

Testing a machine tool and readings ,straightness plot

Readings 10 00 ,10 10 ,9 55 ,10 15,9 56 Pitch distance 100mm

4 5
10 15

Straightness Evaluation Autocollimator readings

3.6

End Points Zero Line

5 5.0

10

8.0

4.8
15

1.6
0

10

2.5

2.3 Straightness error = 3.6 +2.3m End points Zero Method

10 = 5 m Crest points line 12.5 10.0

7.5
5.0
15

0.0

10

2.5

Error = 5.0 m Crest points Method

Valley points line -2 10.0 7.5 Valley points line -1 5.0 5.0

3.75
2.5 Error = 6.25m

Error = 5.0 m

Valley points method

Crest points line End points zero line

15 10 Valley points line

Straightness Evaluation - Methods

Profile Projector

Light rays from Lamp

Glass Table

Lens

Glass Screen

Reflecting Mirror

Profile Projector/Shadow Graph

Tool makers Microscope

To Eye Piece

Lens
Lamp

Glass Table

Tool Makers Microscope

Reflector

m1 /2

D1

d/2 Sec / 2

/2

Diameter d

Talyvel with a stride base (to set horizontal lines)

Two halves Of the inductive transducer Centre zero meter

Pendulum Device Incorporating armature

Knobs for Zero Adjustment

Talyvel with Meter unit (battery operated)

Talyvel with Block base Flatness better than +/- .0025mm, to facilitate straightness check etc.

Dial gauge
Beam comparator

Surface plate Rochdales Beam Comparator

Rochdale - Beam Comparator

Clinometer

Straightness Testing Wedge Method

Flatness checking using Straight edge

Flatness Evaluation

Reading Assignments 1)Manufacture of surface Plates reason? 2) Large radius Grinding Spirit Level 3) Parallelism of Micrometer faces how to check using AC?