DIFFRACTION

Diffraction of waves is the spreading out of waves

when they move through a gap or around an obstacle. The wavelength , frequency , speed remain the same after the diffraction. The amplitude of the diffracted waves reduced due the energy spreading to wider direction. The velocity and the direction of diffracted waves changed.

DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

DIFFRACTION
Diffraction of waves is the spreading out of waves

when they move through a gap or around an obstacle. The wavelength , frequency , speed remain the same after the diffraction. The amplitude of the diffracted waves reduced due the energy spreading to wider direction. The velocity and the direction of diffracted waves changed.

DIFFRACTION OF PLANE WATER WAVES

The effect of diffraction of water waves

becomes obvious when the size of the obstacle and width of the aperture decrease. The effect of diffraction of water waves becomes obvious when the wavelength of the water waves is increased. At lower frequency ( wavelength is long ) : diffraction is noticeable At higher frequency (wavelength is short ): diffraction is less obvious.

DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT WAVES

DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT WAVES

1. Monochromatic light passes through a single slit

and then produces a small pinhole onto the screen. 2. The positions and the distance of the laser pen and single-slit or small hole ae arranged until a clear diffraction patter of light falls on the screen. 3. The diffraction effect is not noticeable if the size of the slit and hole increases. 4. The diffraction effect is most obvious as the size of slit or hole is similar to that of the light wavelength.

DIFFRACTION GRATING

DIFFRACTION SOUND WAVES

APPLICATION OF DIFFRACTION IN DAILY LIFE

INTERFERENCE OF WAVE
Interference is the effect of superposition of two

waves from two coherent source. The sources of waves which maintain at a constant phase difference and same frequency are said to coherent.

PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
The principle of superposition states that at any

time, the wave displacement of the combined motion of two or more interfering waves is the sum of the displacement of all the component wave at that point.

CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
Superposition of two waves which are in phase (

two crests or two troughs ) to produce a resultant wave of maximum amplitude (2A)

Superposition of two waves which are in anti-

phase ( a trough and a crest ) to produce a resultant wave of zero amplitude.

EXAMPLE

 COHERENT SOURCES ( s1 and s2 ) 1. Waves with constant phase difference. 2. Approximately same amplitude. 3. Same frequency.

INTERFERENCE OF WATER WAVES

APPLICATION OF SOUND WAVES

ELECTROAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Electromagnetic waves are waves that produced by the

simultaneous vibration and oscillation of electric or magnetic field. The transfer energy from one place to another and they can travel through a vacuum. All electromagnetic waves are invisible. However, the only electromagnetic waves we can see is the visible light waves. The full range of electromagnetic waves, arranged orderly in their wavelengths and frequencies is called the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays ( with the shortest wavelength ) to radio waves ( with the longest wavelength ).

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