PATRICIA BENNER

From Novice to Expert

METAPARDIGM
NURSING Viewed nursing care as the case and study of live experiences of health, illness and disease, and the relationship of the three elements.

METAPARDIGM
PERSON Viewed PERSON as a self-interpreting being

Three significant aspects that make up a PERSON:

1. 2. 3. 4. Role of the situation Role of the body Role of personal concerns Role of temporality

METAPARDIGM
HEALTH Focus on Live Experiences of being healthy & ill Defied health as what can be assessed

METAPARDIGM
ENVIRONMENT Situation/environment it suggests social/environment with social definition meaning

NOVICE
No background experience of the situation

ADVANCE BEGINNER
Sufficient experience to easily understand aspects of the situation More responsible but still rely help of others

COMPETENT
SENSE OF MASTERY IS ACQUIRED THRU PLANNING

PROFICIENT
Perceives the situation as a whole rather than in terms of aspects & performance

EXPERT
No longer relies & analytical principle like rules, guidelines and maxims

EXPERT
PROFICIENT
COMPETENT

ADVANCE BEGINNER

NOVICE

SISTER CALISTA ROY

ADAPTATION MODEL

METAPARADIGM
PERSON Open adaptive system

As a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment

METAPARADIGM
ENVIRONMENT View it as conditions, circumstances, and influences that surround and affect the development & behavior of the person

METAPARADIGM
HEALTH process of being & becoming an integrated and whole person

METAPARADIGM
NURSING science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person & environment transformation

MADELEINE LEININGER
Transcultural Theory

METAPARADIGM
PERSON People are believed to be caring & capable of being concerned about the desires, welfare, and continued existence of others.

METAPARADIGM
ENVIRONMENT the totality of an event, situation or experience.

METAPARADIGM
HEALTH Both universal and diverse

MARGARET JEAN WATSON

Philosophy & Science of Caring

METAPARADIGM
PERSON Viewed human as greater than, and different from, the sum of his parts

METAPARADIGM
ENVIRONMENT Provides the values that determine how one should behave & what goals one should strive toward. Caring has existed in every society

METAPARADIGM
HEALTH Unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul

METAPARADIGM
NURSING human science of people and human healthillness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, aesthetic, and ethical human care transactions.

METAPARADIGM
NURSING human science of people and human healthillness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, aesthetic, and ethical human care transactions.