Inductance of 3-phase

Transmission Lines
Inductance of 3-phase Unsymmetrically spaced
Untransposed Transmission line

120
120
120
I
a

I
b

I
c

D
bc

D
ac

D
ab

I
a

I
b

I
c

(

+ + =
(

+ + =
(

+ + =

'
7
'
7
'
7
1
ln
1
ln
1
ln 10 2
1
ln
1
ln
1
ln 10 2
1
ln
1
ln
1
ln 10 2
R
I
D
I
D
I
D
I
R
I
D
I
D
I
D
I
R
I
c
bc
b
ac
a c
bc
c b
ab
a b
ac
c
ab
b a a

( )
) 3 ( ln
2
3 1
ln
1
ln 10 2
) 2 ( ln
2
3 1
ln
1
ln 10 2
,
) 1 ( ln
2
3 1
ln
1
ln 10 2
ln
2
3 1
ln 5 . 0
1
ln 10 2
1
ln
1
ln 866 . 0
1
ln
1
ln 5 . 0
1
ln 10 2
1
ln ) 866 . 0 5 . 0 (
1
ln 866 . 0 5 . 0
1
ln 10 2
'
7
'
7
'
7
'
7
'
7
'
7

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

+ + + =

bc
ac
bc ac
c
ab
bc
ab bc
b
ac
ab
ac ab
a
ac
ab
ac ab
a a
ab ac
a
ac ab
a a a
ac
a
ab
a a a
D
D
j
D D R
L
D
D
j
D D R
L
similarly
D
D
j
D D R
L
D
D
j
D D R
I
D D
I j
D D
I
R
I
D
I j
D
I j
R
I

120
120
120
I
a

I
b

I
c

From eqns (1) to (3), it is seen that inductance of conductors a,b and c are
unequal and have imaginary part which is due to mutual inductances.
GMD and GMR approach
Self GMD (D
s
)and Mutual GMD
(D
m
)
The inductance calculations relating to
multiconductor arrangements can be
simplified by the use of self geometrical mean
distance and mutual geometrical distance
Self GMD (D
s
) = Geometric Mean Radius
(GMR)
Inductance per conductor per metre length is
given by,

|
.
|

\
|
+ =
r
D
ln
4
1
10 2 L
7 -
conductors e between th spacing the of t independen is and conductor the of shape
and size upon the depends conductor a of GMD - self that noted be may It
r' by denoted is GMR sometimes
0.7788r GMR or D where,
ln 10 2 L : to reduces eqn(i) the GMD - self Using
0.7788r. GMR or GMD - self the
r, radius of conductor round solid a for ally that mathematic proved be can It
purposes. several for
term this eliminate to introduced is GMR or GMD self of concept The
conductor. solid
n the flux withi to due inductance the is
4
1
10 2 eqn, above In the
ln 10 2
4
1
10 2 L
s
7 -
7
7 7
= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
(

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=

GMD Self
D
D
r
D
s
Mutual GMD (D
m
)
The mutual GMD is the geometrical mean of
the distances from one conductor to the
others, must be between the largest and
smallest such distances. It simply represents
the equivalent geometrical spacing.
- Assuming the spacing between the conductors to be large
compared to the diameter of each conductor, the mutual
GMD between two conductors is equal to the distances
between their centres. i.e D
m
= D
- For a single circuit 3-phase transmission line, the mutual
GMD is equal to the equivalent equilateral spacing,
D
m
=(D
AB
X D
BC
X D
CA
)^(1/3)

Two wire line
D
R
R
- I
I
H/m ln 10 4 L
L L line the of inductance Total
ln 10 2 L
ln 10 2 L B, conductor of inductance
ln 10 2 L
ln 10 2 L A, conuductor of Inductance
D ,
'
7 -
A
'
7
B
7
B
'
7
A
7
A
'
SL
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =

R
D
L
R
D
D
D
similarly
R
D
D
D
R D D
B
m
SLB
m
m
SLA
m
m
What is transposition?
interchange the positions of the conductors at regular
intervals along the line so that each conductor occupies the
original position of every other conductor over an equal
distance. Such an exchange of conductor positions is called
transposition.
Position 2
Position 3
b
c
a
a b
c
L / 3 L / 3 L / 3
Position 1
Why Transposition of lines is needed?
The conductor spacing in a 3-phase transmission line is said to be
unsymmetrical if the conductors are not equidistant form each
other. Under such conditions, the flux linkages and inductances of
each phase are not the same and subsequently voltage drops in
three phases are unequal even if the currents in the conductors
are balanced. In order to make voltage drops equal in all
conductors, transposition is done. This arrangement causes each
conductor to have the same average inductance over the
transposition cycle.
About Transpositioned lines
Transposition of lines reduce the inductive
interference with the nearby communication lines
However it suffers from a serious drawback that
faults due to lightning have got tendency to get
concentrated in transposition structures
Transposition is a costly scheme
The risk of outages is increased due to transposition
For these reasons transposition is avoided in
practice,and that if at all it is done, the line is
transposed in the switching stations or their
neighbourhood for a small distance
Symmetrical 3-phase Line
D
D
D
a
b
The mutual geometric mean
distance between conductor a and
conductors b and c is

The self geometric mean distance


Therefore,


( ) D D D D
m
= = .
'
R D D
aa s
= =
|
.
|

\
|
= = =

'
7
ln 10 2
R
D
L L L
c b a
Transposition of Lines
D
12
D
13
D
23
a
b
c
Position
1
a b
c
Position
2
Position
3
b
c
a
a b
c
L /
3
L /
3
L /
3
When phase a is in position 1, the value of D
m
is the geometric mean of all the
distances from a to other conductors




( )
( )
( )
H/m ln 10 2 phase any of inductance Average
L
ln 10 2 L
ln 10 2 L
is cycle tion transposi a over a' ' phase of Inductance
) ( D GMD self Equivalent
D 2 position in a phase of GMD Self
D 2 position in a phase of GMD Self
Re D 1 position in a phase of GMD Self
D
D GMD Equivalent
D is GMD 3 position In
D is GMD 2 position In
D is GMD 1 position In
'
3
1
31 23 12 7
a
'
3
1
31 23 12 7
a
7
a
' 3 '
3
3 2 1 s
'
s3
'
s2
'
4
1
s1
6
1
23 31 12 23 31 12
3
3 2 1 m
23 31 m3
12 23 m2
31 12 m1
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= = =
=
=
= = =
=
=
=
=
=

R
D D D
L L and
R
D D D
D
D
R R D D D
R
R
R D
D D D D D
D D D
D D
D D
D D
c b
SL
m
s s s
aa
m m m