Mrs. Jocelyn Geroleo Mr.

Mark Anthony Peralta

Reporters

Brief History
The name Canada comes from the St. Lawrence word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". In 1965, the nation adopted the red and white flag with maple leaf as their official flag. It was in 1867 when Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia formed a confederation and on July 1, 1867, the British North America Act declared Canada a country.

 About Canadas History Much of present-day Canada was under the control of France until 1763. Four years earlier, British forces under General James Wolfe had defeated the French under the Marquis de Montcalm at the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, beginning the end of the period of French rule. The basic duality of Canada that is, as between English and French speakers has shaped the countrys history, politics and culture ever since. Under the Quebec Act of 1774, various rights with respect to language, religion and civil law were granted to the large French-speaking population of the modern-day province of Quebec. From 1791 to 1841, Ontario (formerly the thinly-populated western frontier of the French territories) and Quebec were separately governed as Upper Canada and Lower Canada, respectively.

Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin) "From Sea to Sea"

Capital:Ottawa Largest city:Toronto Official language (s): English and French Demonym: Canadian Population: 34,482,779 rank 35 (est. as of Nov. 2011) - 2012 estimate 34,899,000 GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate - Total$1.396 trillion Per capita$40,541 GDP (nominal)2011 estimate - Total$1.736 trillion - Per capita$50,436

National Anthem: O CANADA

O Canada! Our home and native land! True patriot love in all thy sons command. With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free! From far and wide, O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

God keep our land glorious and free! O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

Canada

What does a maple leaf symbolize in Canada ?

1. It symbolizes the unity of Canadians, with no bias against any particular race. 2. Maple trees are common, and can be found anywhere in the country.

WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF CANADA?

English and French are the official languages of all federal government institutions in Canada. This means that the public has the right to communicate with, and receive services from, federal government institutions in either English or French and that federal government employees have the right to work in the official language of their choice in designated bilingual regions.

Religious Affiliation
Religious affiliation: In Canada, schools can be secular (no religious affiliation), Catholic or Christian (various Protestant denominations). Some provinces have separate school boards for religious and non-religious schools.

Finance
The history of banking in Canada dates back to 1817, when the Bank of Montreal was founded. Other banks were established after arduous approval procedures and started unregulated banking activities. Under the amended British North America Act, currency notes could be printed not only by those institutions, but by provincial and federal governments, as well. The official currency was established in 1871.

 The currency of Canada is the Canadian dollar, designated with the symbol $, or to mark a difference with the US dollar with C$. Five years ago, in 2007, it held 7th place among the most traded currencies around the globe, after the US dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the UK pound sterling, the Swiss franc and the AUS dollar. The countrys banking system is deemed the safest one in the world, as well as the most efficient. According to the 2008 World Economic Forum report, Canada is ranked as the soundest banking system in the world. Canadian banks, widely known as chartered banks, were reported to include 8000 branches and over 17. 000 ATMs in the country.

Canada GDP Growth Rate

Published on 6/1/2012 1:56:47 PM | By TradingEconomics.com, Statistics Canada Canada's real gross domestic product (GDP) rose 0.5% in the first quarter, the same pace as in the previous quarter. Business investment contributed the most to first-quarter GDP growth. Final domestic demand grew 0.3%. On a monthly basis, real GDP by industry edged up 0.1% in March.

CANADAS GOVERNMENT AND LEGAL SYSTEM

General Canada is a parliamentary democracy, a federal state and a constitutional monarchy.
Monarch -Elizabeth II Governor General -David Johnston Prime Minister -Stephen Harper Legislature Parliament - Upper house Senate - Lower house - House of Commons

Government:

GEOGRAPHY
Total Land Area: 9,976,140 sq km (3,851,809 sq mi) It is the second largest country in the world, with a land mass approaching ten million square kilometres (over 3.8 million square miles). The vast majority of Canadas 33 million people live in the southern third of the country. English and French are Canadas official languages, with French predominating in the province of Quebec, and English predominating elsewhere. Many other languages are also spoken, reflecting the vast number of immigrants that the country has attracted, and continues to attract, from every corner of the globe.

GEOGRAPHY
Region: North and Central America Provinces: 10 (Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland and Labrador) Territories: 3 (Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut)

 Among the large cities in Canada are Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Vancouver, Ottawa.
Toronto is the capital of Ontario and the biggest city in Canada. Populated by more than 2.5 million residents (4. .7 million in the GTA), it is the fifth largest municipality on the territory of North America. Toronto is the economic capital of the country and a global financial center. The key economic sectors in Toronto include telecommunications, finance, business services, software production, tourism, aerospace, medical research, and education, among others. Montreal, the second largest city, is situated in Quebec and has a population of more than

Educational Structure of CANADA

 Educational oversight
National education budget Budget 3.6% of GDP Per student-US$ 6,482 General details Primary languages English & French System type-Provincially Controlled Literacy Male99% Female99% Attainment Secondary diploma 80.5% Post-secondary diploma 53%

 Structure: School districts: Provinces are divided into school districts, and school districts have school boards (elected officials) which implement policy and curriculum set out by the province. A school district usually serves one or more cities or towns, depending on their size.

Educational Structure

 Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and postsecondary. Within the provinces under the ministry of education, there are district school boards administering the educational programs. Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in Canada, except for Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age is 18, or as soon as a high school diploma has been achieved. In some provinces early leaving exemptions can be granted under certain circumstances at 14. Canada generally has 190 (180 in Quebec) school days in the year, officially starting from September (after Labour Day) to the end of June (usually the last Friday of the month, except in Quebec when it is just before June 24 the provincial holiday).

 Elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education in Canada is a provincial responsibility and there are many variations between the provinces. Some educational fields are supported at various levels by federal departments. The Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada is responsible for the education of First Nations. Vocational training can be subsidized by the Learning branch of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (a federal department).

Length of study
Most Canadian education systems continue up to grade twelve (age seventeen to eighteen). In Quebec, the typical high school term ends after Secondary V/Grade eleven (age sixteen to seventeen); following this, students who wish to pursue their studies to the university level have to attend college. Grade 11 was also the end of secondary education in Newfoundland and Labrador prior to the introduction of grade 12 in 1983.

Structure of Education and training in Canada

In Canada, education is the responsibility of the 10 provinces and 3 territories. While educational structures and institutions across the country are similar in many ways, they have been developed by each jurisdiction to respond to the particular circumstances, geographical situation, and historical and cultural heritage of the populations they serve. This appendix describes the various structures and organization of education and training in Canada.

EDUCATION
Kindergarten Education, in most instances, begins with kindergarten. Junior kindergarten is available in British Columbia and Ontario, while in some areas, kindergarten is either not required or it is not available. Generally, children are aged five when they start kindergarten.

Levels in education
Canada outside Quebec As the education system in Canada is managed by the varying provincial governments in Canada, the way the educational stages are grouped and named may differ from each region. For example, the Ministry of Education in Nova Scotia refers to Kindergarten as Grade Primary.Also, opposed to their French designations in Quebec, Junior Kindergarten and Kindergarten in Ontario are calledMaternelle and CPE Centre de la Petite Enfance in French. Students in the Prairie provinces are not required by statute to attend kindergarten. As a result, kindergarten often is not available in smaller towns. The ages are the age of the students when they end the school year in June.

Pre-elementary Programs
Pre-elementary programspre-Grade 1 education offered by public, private, and federal schools, as well as schools for the visually and hearing impairedare available to young children, typically 4 or 5 years of age, in all jurisdictions. Most jurisdictions offer one year of public preelementary programs, with Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta offering additional years.

Pre-elementary
In Quebec, one additional year of publicly funded preelementary programming is available to some 4-year-olds who have disabilities or who are from low-income families. In Ontario, the provision of an additional year of pre-elementary for 4-year-olds is dependent on the choice of the local school board, and funding is provided by the Ministry of Education. In Ontario, all school boards offer this program for their students. In Manitoba, one additional year of pre-elementary programming is offered at the discretion of each school division, and two school divisions currently provide this program, which is not funded by the Department of

Education.

Pre-elementary
In Saskatchewan, two additional years of pre-elementary programming are funded in schools in communities where a significant portion of pre-school children are not ready to participate fully in the learning opportunities offered to kindergarten and Grade 1 students. These programs are not mandatory and are not universal. Alberta also offers two additional fully funded years of pre-elementary programming, targeted to students with disabilities or to those who are considered talented or gifted.

Elementary School and Kindergarten Teachers

Elementary school and kindergarten teachers taught basic subjects such as reading, writing and arithmetic or specialized subjects such as English or French as a second language at public and private elementary schools. Elementary school librarians are included in this unit group.

Examples of Occupational Titles

Elementary school teacher; Elementary school teacher, English as a second language; Elementary school teacher, French as a second language; French immersion teacher, elementary school; kindergarten teacher; primary school teacher; special education teacher, elementary school; supply teacher, elementary school.

Elementary and Secondary Education

Public education is provided free to all Canadian citizens and permanent residents until the end of secondary school, which normally occurs at age 18. The ages for compulsory schooling vary from one jurisdiction to another. Generally, schooling is required from age 6 or 7 as of a certain date as specified in jurisdictional legislation (age 5 in New Brunswick and British Columbia) to age 16. In New Brunswick and Ontario, schooling is compulsory to the age of 18 or until graduation.

Elementary and secondary

In most jurisdictions, elementarysecondary education consists of 12 years of study, Grades 1 through 12 .
The only exception is Quebec, where the elementary-secondary system has 6 years of elementary school and 5 years of secondary school. Following a major change in policy, 2002/2003 was the last year for Grade 13 in Ontario. One immediate consequence of this change was the double cohort of students who entered the postsecondary system in 2003/2004 (comprising the last graduating class from the old system and the first graduating class from the new system). The elementary-secondary continuum reflects different grade combinations in different jurisdictions, thus the point of transition between elementary and secondary school varies.

 Secondary school diplomas are granted to students who pass the compulsory and optional courses of their programs. Public funding at the pre-elementary and elementary-secondary levels is provided either directly via the provincial or territorial government or through a mix of provincial/territorial transfers and local taxes collected by the local government or by school boards that have the power to impose taxes.

Pre-elementary
In most jurisdictions, pre-elementary
programs in the year before Grade 1 are offered to children who turn 5 years of age by a certain date in the school year as specified in jurisdictional legislation. Attendance in these programs is optional in most jurisdictions, although it is mandatory in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The intensity of these programs varies; some jurisdictions offer full-day programs, some offer half-day programs, and some offer both.

Postsecondary education
Once secondary school has been successfully completed, students may apply to college or university programs. Traditionally, enrolment in trade-vocational programs, such as apprenticeship or other programs geared towards preparation for employment in an occupation or trade, did not require graduation from secondary school. However, requirements have been evolving so that more and more programs, especially in trades dealing with advanced technology or having implications for public safety, now require high school graduation.

Post secondary education

Apprenticeship training involves a contract between an apprentice and an employer, registered with the jurisdiction, in which the employer provides the apprentice with training and experience for a trade. Programs vary in length from two to five years, depending on the trade. Registered apprenticeship combines on-the-job experience with four- to eight-week periods of in-class training each year of the program. In most jurisdictions, the in-class portion is usually taken at a postsecondary institution during the apprenticeship training. However, in Quebec, the in-class training is taken prior to beginning an apprenticeship program.

 As of 2009, the provinces and territories had agreed on interprovincial standards for 50 of the registered trades. In these 50 trades, candidates who achieve an agreed-upon standard qualify for a Red Seal endorsement and are allowed to work anywhere in Canada without further training or examination. In Quebec, data relating to trade-vocational programs that are administered at the secondary level are reported at that level.

Levels within pre-elementary and elementarysecondary schools, by jurisdiction:

What is Canadas weakness?

Paradoxically, Canadas strength also contributes to one of two areas requiring improvement. The Canadian system is heavily weighted toward school-acquired skillsmore so than in European countries. Thus, it lacks focus on work-based skills training and lifelong education that can be fostered outside traditional academic institutions.

 Canada should be concerned about its adult literacy rate. Canadians who have not been fortunate enough to acquire adequate education in school, therefore, are at risk of slipping through the cracks as adults. About 3 million adult Canadians have only Level 1 literacy and a further 4.5 million only achieve Level 2. A person with Level 1 literacy may have difficulty performing simple tasks like reading and understanding medicinal instructions. Many Level 2 adults hide their lack of broader functional literacy by tailoring their lives within narrow and simple work and life parameters.

 Therefore, Canada has over 7 million adults who may lack the functional literacy to adjust to changes in the economy. Canadas economic boom in the last 10 years has so far protected many of these people. Conference Board research shows, however, that people with low literacy skills have weaker attachments to the labour market and generally do not do well in economic downturns.

 Canada also underperforms in the highest levels of skills attainment. Canada produces relatively few highend graduates with Ph.D.s (Canada receives a "D" grade), as well as graduates in science, math, computer science, and engineering (Canada receives a "C" grade).

 They need more graduates with advanced qualifications and graduates in these fields to enhance innovation and productivity growthand ultimately to ensure a high and sustainable quality of life for all Canadians.

 Elementary & junior high/middle school Elementary school generally includes grades one through six (for students aged approximately six to 12 years), when there is a junior high school as the next step. In some areas, elementary school is extended through grade eight. Middle schools and junior high schools provide the transition from elementary to high school, and encompass years seven and eight of the education system.

 High school High school runs typically through grades nine to 12. In Qubec, high school ends in grade eleven and is followed by CEGEP, a program that prepares the student for university or a technical field. A second senior year, sometimes called a 'victory lap' is often used in its place to strengthen the student academically before entering university.

 Vocational school or university Beyond this, students can attend either vocational schools or enter a university. At a university they will first earn a Bachelor's degree, and can continue studies to receive a Master's or a Doctorate degree. Vocational students will earn certificates and diplomas that will attest to their skills in the various trades.

Pillars of Lifelong Learning

Canada encompasses four pillars of lifelong learning from early childhood to adulthood addressing the most pressing education and learning issues facing Canadians today: 1. Early Childhood Learning and Development: All children should have access to high quality early childhood education that ensures they arrive at school ready to learn. 2. Elementary to High School Systems: All children in our elementary to high school systems deserve teaching and learning opportunities that are inclusive and that provide them with world-class skills in literacy, numeracy, and science. 3. Postsecondary Education: Canada must increase the number of students pursuing postsecondary education by increasing the quality and accessibility of postsecondary education. 4. Adult Learning and Skills Development: Canada must develop an accessible, diversified, and integrated system of adult learning and skills development that delivers training when Canadians need it.

Educational Structures
Early childhood Education Junior Kindergarten (ages 45) (Ontario only) Grade Primary or Kindergarten (ages 56)

Elementary Education
Grade 1 (ages 67) Grade 2 (ages 78) Grade 3 (ages 89) Grade 4 (ages 910) Grade 5 (ages 1011) Grade 6 (ages 1112) Grade 7 (ages 1213) Grade 8 (ages 1314)

Secondary Education
Grade 9 (ages 1415) Grade 10 (ages 1516) Grade 11 (ages 1617) Grade 12 (ages 1718) Grade 12+ (ages 18+) (Ontario only)b

 Tertiary education College: In Canada, the term college usually refers to a community college or a technical, applied arts, or applied science school. These are post-secondary institutions granting certificates, diplomas, associates degree, and bachelor's degrees. University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is a corporation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education. Graduate school: A graduate school is a school that awards advanced academic certificates, diplomas and degrees (i.e. master's degree, Ph.D.)

Quebec garderie (Pre-school); Under 5 maternelle (Kindergarten); 5-6 cole primaire (literally Primary school, equivalent to Elementary School or Grade School)
Grade 1; 6-7 Grade 2; 7-8 Grade 3; 8-9 Grade 4; 9-10 Grade 5; 10-11 Grade 6; 11-12 Secondary I; 12-13 Secondary II; 13-14 Secondary III; 14-15 Secondary IV; 15-16 Secondary V; 16-17

cole secondaire (literally Secondary school, or High School)

Secondaries I-V are equivalent to grades 7-11. In most English High Schools, the different terms are used interchangeably. In some English high schools, as well as in most French schools, high school students will refer to secondary 1-5 as year one through five. So if someone in Secondary three is asked "what grade/year are you in?" they will reply "three" or "sec 3," or "grade 9". It is presumed that the person asking the question knows that they are referring not to "Grade 3" but "Secondary 3". However, this can be confusing for those who are asking the question from outside of Quebec. College
Pre-university program, two years (typically Social Sciences, Natural Sciences or Arts) Professional program, three years (e.g. Paralegal, Dental Hygienist, Nursing, etc.) Undergraduate
Three or four years leading to a Bachelor's degree. Non-Quebec students require an extra year to complete the same degree because of the extra year in college. One or two years leading to a Master's degree. three or more years leading to a Doctoral degree.

University (Usually requires a Diploma of College Studies (DCS (DEC in French)) or equivalent)

Graduate (or postgraduate)

English schools in Quebec have the same grade system as French schools, but with English names. For example, "elementary school" is not called "cole primaire" in an English school, but has the same grading system.

Thank You!