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Matter It's Everything!

Chemistry:
The study of matter and its changes

Matter:
Anything that has mass and volume

Atom:
The basic unit of matter

Element:
A type of atom

Elements
pure substance that cannot be separated into

simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

What Elements are we made up of?


Most of the human body is made

up of water, H2O.
Most of a human body's mass is oxygen. Carbon, the basic unit for organic

molecules, comes in second.


99% of the mass of the human body is made

up of just six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.

Compounds
Pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Made of elements in a specific ratio

that is always the same Has a chemical formula Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically

Molecules
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join

together chemically. (they can have 2 of the same elements) A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element. Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than one element.

Molecules can be represented many ways:


Chemical Formula: Structural Formula:

CH4

H2O
H H

Ball and Stick Model: Space Filling Model:

How many atoms of each element are present in one molecule of:

N. H S. O

(NH4)2SO3
2 8 1 3

Pure Substance:
= An element or a compound
(Any substance that can be described by a single chemical formula)

Mixture:

A substance that contains more than one pure substance

Pure Substances:
Are made of only one compound or one element. Can be represented by one chemical Examples: formula. Salt NaCl Copper Cu Water H 2O

Mixture:
Anything that contains more than one pure substance. Examples:

Juice, Granite, Salad Dressing, etc

Mixtures
A combination of two or more pure substances

that are not chemically combined. substances held together by physical forces, not chemical No chemical change takes place Each item retains its properties in the mixture They can be separated physically

Chem4kids.com

Examples:

Atom, Element, Molecule, Compound:

Mixtures vs. Compounds

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml

Organic & Inorganic Compounds


Organic compounds are extracted from living

organism(plants, animals etc) and inorganic compounds are extracted from non living things(rocks, in laboratory etc). These days organic compounds can be artificially created by human beings, and moreover organic compounds have been found in outer space where there are no living beings. But this the difference which is very basic,in terms of chemistry their are lot of differences between Organic and inorganic compounds,lets discuss about them in detail.

Organic & Inorganic Compounds


Organic Compounds
Biological in nature Extracted from living

Inorganic Compounds
Mineral in nature Created either due to

things
Organic compounds

have carbonhydrogen bonds Do not contain metal atoms.

natural processes or in the laboratory. Do not have carbon atoms.


Contain metal atoms

What about us? What compounds are in Humans?


The most important in carrying out life processes. They are the macromolecules Carbohydrates | Proteins | Nucleic Acids | Lipids

Can you identify the following?


You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an item composed of an element, compound (organic or inorganic), or mixture. Review: An element contains just one type of atom. A compound contains two or more different atoms joined together. (organic: biological, inorganic: mineral) A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically.

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar - Organic

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt - Inorganic

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water - Inorganic

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand

Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand

A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes MIXTURE yes
Is the composition uniform? Can it be physically separated?

no

PURE SUBSTANCE no yes


Can it be chemically decomposed?

no

Homogeneous Mixture (even mixture)

Heterogeneous Mixture
Uneven mixture

Compound

Element

Colloids

Suspensions

Notes
Detailed notes are located at:

http://www.middleschoolscience.com/elementscompounds-mixtures-notes-isn.pdf
Flow Chart:

http://www.middleschoolscience.com/matter-flowchart-isn.pdf

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