Active-Passive The development of electonics (1) is invented (invent) by the invention of the vacuum tube.

In 1947, transistor (2) was found (find). The devices by the time (3) were (to be) different. Many people (4) used(use) the devices rarely. In 1958, the development of Ics (Integrated Circuit) on silicon chips (5)made (make) people use the electronics everyday. At present, the introduction of microprocessor (6) allows(allow) electronics to (7) broaden(broaden) various electronics equipments such as automatic washing machine, dishwasher, central processing unit.

EXERCISE 2

Alexander Graham Bell (1) invented(invent) the telephone in 1978. He (2) was (be) a Canadian whose family (3) came(come) from Scotland. Since then, telephone system (4) grew (grow) dramatically; in the UK alone there (5) are(be) now over 24 million lines. Formerly, the UK system (6) is (be) analogue. Many changes (7) are taken place(take place) in recent years. Almost entire UK network (8) is(be) now digital. Fibre optic cables (9) replaces(replace) the old copper lines. Previously, telephone exchanges (10) used(use) banks of electromagnetic relays for switching. Today, they (11) have(have) computer-controlled units. The new network (12) is (be) fast and reliable.

Microcomputer system The I/O (input/output) unit consists of one or more Ics, which are used to control the data going in and out of the computer. The ROM (read-only memory) and RAM (random-access memory) units consist of a number of special digital logic chips which can store programs and data. The small ROM provides some permanent storage and the RAM is used for temporary storage. Unlike the ROM, the contents of the RAM is constantly changing, but it only operates while the computer is switched on. The CPU (central processing unit) is a microprocessor. It is the main part of the computer, which controls the rest of the system and performs all the arithmethic and logic operations on the data. Sets of connectors known as buses are used to carry the internal signals between each unit. The data bus is used to transfer data between all the units. The control bus is used to send control signals from the CPU to the other units. The address bus is used to send signals from the CPU which indicate the memory and I/O locations to be used.

Fill in the gaps in this table based on the text above

Component I/O unit ROM RAM CPU Data bus Control bus Adrees bus Purpose Controls data going in and out of the computer Store program and data Temporary storage Microposessor,control the rest of d system To transfer data between unit To send contol signal Sends signals from the CPU which indicate the memory and I/O locations to be used

Reading Comprehension: Answer these questions based on the text above

1. What does the text inform you?inform me about the system in computer,n the function of part sytem in computer 2. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?ram is used temporary storage but the rom is used store program and data 3. How do the buses work?the buses like a connector which to connect internal signal between each unit 4. Draw a diagram that describe the information on the text!

Read the text carefully and fill the blanks with suitable verbs (active or passive)
The Electric Motor In an electric motor, an electric current and magnetic field (1) ____produces___ (produce) a turning movement. This can drive all sorts of machines, from wrist-watches to trains. An electric current running through a wire produces a magnetic field around the wire. If an electric current (2) __flows____ (flow) around a loop of wire with a bar of iron through it, the iron becomes mangnetized. It (3) is called _____ (call) an electromagnet; one end becomes a north pole and the other a south pole, depending on which way the current is flowing around the loop. If you put two magnets close together, like polesfor example, two north polesrepel each other and unlike poles attract each other. In a simple electric motor, a piece of iron with loops of wire round it, called an armature, (4) _is_placed____ (place) between the north and south poles of stationary magnet, known as the field magnet. When electricity flows around the armature wire, the iron becomes an electromagnet.

The attraction and repulsion between the poles of this armature magnet and the poles of the field magnet (5) __makes___ (make) the armature turn. As a result, its north pole is close to the south pole of the field magnet. The current (6) ___is reversed___ (reverse) so the north pole of the armature magnet becomes the south pole. Once again the attraction and the repulsion between it and the field magnet make it turn. The armature continues turning as long as the direction of the current, and therefore its magnetic poles, keeps being reversed. To reverse the direction of the current, the ends of the armature wire (7) _connects______ (connect) to different halves of a spirit ring called a small carbon blocks called brushes. As the armature turns, first one half of the commutator comes into contact with the brush delivering current, and then the other, so the direction of the current keeps being reversed.

Skim the text and identify the paragraphs which contain information on each of these topics. The first has been done for you

a. b. c. d. e. f.

What electric motors are used for The commutator Why the armature turns Electromagnets Effect of putting magnets together The armature

Paragraph 1 ___6______ __5_______ _2________ __3_______ __4_______

Answer these questions based on the text! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What does this text inform you? What does the electric motor do? Mention the components of electric motor? What is the function of commutator? What does this (P1) refer to elmotor..... What does it (P4) refer to .pieceofiron.......