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BY SANKET P. VALIA
Conten Introduction ts
Types of bio-degradable Polymers Mechanism of degradation Requirement of polymer as bio degradable CHITOSAN BIO DEGRADABLE PET BAMBOO PLA Advantages & Need for bio degradability
Conclusion
Introduction
Conversion of complex molecules into simpler ones by action of micro-organism is known as biodegradation.
The most biodegradable fibres tend to be hydrophilic, and made up of short, flexible chains with low levels of crystallisation.
Biodegradability can be engineered into polymers by addition of chemical linkages such as anhydride, ester, or amide bonds, among others. Eg:- Bionelle
NATURAL OCCURING BIO- DEGRADABLE POLYMERS Biodegradable polymers with hydrolysable chemical bonds are being researched extensively for biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and packaging applications.
HYDROLYZABLE UNIT NAME Peptide STRUCTURE -N-C|| || O O POLYMERS Collagen , fibrin , albumin , gelatin .
Hemiactel Ester
-O-
Starch , chitin .
-C-O|| O
O || -P-O|| O
Phosphate
RNA , DNA .
HYDROLYZABLE UNIT NAME STRUCTURE -C-OEster || -C-O-C|| || O O -O-C-O|| O -O OC -O OCN | -CH2 -C | COOR | -N=P|
Anhydride
Polyanhydride .
Carbonate
Polycarbonate .
Orthoester
Poly-orthoester
CarbonCarbon
Poly-1-cyanoacrylates
NitrogenPhosphrous
Polyphosphazene
Mechanisim of Bio-degradation
Biodegradation of fibres occurs when their constituent polymers are depolymerised. Usually by the action of enzymes secreted by microorganisms. Mechanism for degradation is by hydrolysis or enzymatic cleavage resulting in a scission of the polymer backbone.
Mechanism of degradation
Microorganisms can eat and, sometimes, digest polymers, and also initiate a mechanical, chemical, or enzymatic aging.
PROPERITIES
DESCRIPITION
No toxicity
Sterilizability
Essential
Essential
Desirable
Chitosan
Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose. It is biocompatible, antibacterial and environmentally friendly and bio degradable. The main source for chitin is from edible crab and hermit crab, cockroaches, spiders etc.
Manufacturing of chitosan
Chitosan is produced commercially by deacetylation of chitin , which is the structural element in the exoskeleton of crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc.).
Properties
Tenacity-1.29gm/den Elongation-8.2-10.4% Chitosan is positively charged Soluble in acidic to neutral solution Chitosan a bioadhesive which readily binds to negatively charged surfaces such as mucosal membranes. Chitosan has great transport properties of polar drugs.
Application of chitosan.
Biodegradable PET
Bionelle is a thermoplastic aliphatic crystalline polyester. It was mfc. By Watanabe& Fujimaki. Produced through the chemical reaction of glycols with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
Bamboo fiber
Is a regenerated cellulosic fiber, which is produced from raw material of bamboo pulp. The fastest growing plant on this planet. It grows almost one third faster than other trees(from 1feet 100feet). It does not require the use of pesticides. Ready to harvest within 4-5 years
Bio-degradable. Natural anti-bacterial. Soft & silky. Breathable & cool to wear. More antistatic. Natural deodorising property. Good brightness as compaired to viscose. Comfortable feel & special luster.
Applications
Medical textiles(bandage ,mask, surgical clothes, nurses wear) Sanitary material (sanitary towel, gauze mask, absorbent pads, food packing). Apparels (men, women and kids wear)
PLA fiber
(PLA) is a linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester derived from 100% renewable sources such as corn.
PLA fiber is derived from annually renewable Crops. It is 100% compostable and its life cycle potentially reduces the Earths carbon dioxide level.
Production of PLA
Polymer is formed either by (1) direct condensation of lactic acid or (2) via the cyclic intermediate dimer (lactide), through a ring opening process.
Properties
LOI 26%
UV resistance- excellent Refractive index-1.35-1.45
Applications
Apparels Home wear(pillows, duvets, blankets, mattress pads, carpet tiles, office panel fabrics) Nonwovens(carpet backing, hygiene, compostable geotextiles for soil erosion control) Industrial/household wipes(Feminine hygiene, facial cleansing, hemorrhoid treatment, Functional treatments antimicrobial, cleaners) Filtration and separation Medical applications(bone support splints, artificial human organs)
Application in agriculture
Mulch mat
Tape nets
Advantages
They are mfc. from renewable or recycled resources. Produces little or no waste throughout its life cycle. Long-lasting, durable and require little or no care.