(Rev.

111015)

Korea Odyssey:
People, History, Culture & Language

Seok-Hoon You (Korea University) syou@korea.ac.kr, (822)3290-2176

Contents
I.

Korea: Overview

II.

The People

III. The History

IV. Hanlyuwood-Korean (Culture) Wave

V. Basic Expressions

I. Korea: Overview

I.

Overseas Korean Overview: Population (Overseas Korean Foundation, 2009) 6,822,606 in 176 countries
Canada 223,322

CIS-Russia Europe 537,889 Population: 117,954

Africa 9, 577

48,880,000 (South Korea) China USA 2,336,771 Japan +M. East 24,190,000 (North Korea) 2,102,283 912,655 13,999 + 6,822,606 (Overseas) _____________________________ 80 million Asia Overall2011) (March,
461,127
Central-South America 107,029

Locale:

Korean peninsular (South & North Koreas) and 176 countries worldwide as of 2009
4

I. Overview: Ethnics, Language & Religion

Ethnic connection: Mongolians, Japanese, Manchu Tungusic Religion: No religion (46%) Christianity (29.2%), Buddhism (22.8%), and Others (Cheondoism, Korean shamanism, and totemism) Confucianism as a life-long philosophy Language : (Altaic-)Korean branch-Korean, English widely taught society-wide (No. of Native Speakers: 78,000,000)

20 Most Widely Spoken Languages in the World

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Language Mandarin English Spanish Hindi Russian Arabic Portuguese Bengali French Malay, Indonesian Spkrs Rank (Millions) 1151 1000 500 490 277 255 240 215 200 175 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Language German Japanese Farsi (Persian) Urdu Punjabi Wu Vietnamese Javanese Tamil Spkrs (Millions) 166 132 110 104 103 90 86 85 78

20

Korean

78
6

I. Overview: Government system

Republic of Korea (ROK); South Korea Country name Native Name: Taehan-minguk (> Hanguk) 9 Provinces: Cheju, North/South Cholla; North/South Chungchong, Kangwon, Administrative Kyonggi, North/South Kyongsang divisions 7 Metropolitan cities: Seoul, Pusan, Incheon, Kwangju, Taegu, Taejon, Ulsan Independence August 15, 1945 (from Japan, 1910- ) Legal system

elements of continental European civil law systems + Anglo-American law + Chinese classical thought

Incheon

Seoul

Taejon

Taegu Kwangju

Ulsan Pusan

I. Overview: Korea in global standard

Newsweek Worlds Best 20 Countries -2010
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10

Finland Switzerland Sweden Australia

Luxembourg Norway Canada Netherlands Japan Denmark

11 12 13 14

United States Germany New Zealand United Kingdom

15
16 17 18 19 20

Korea, South
France Ireland Austria Belgium Singapore

I. Overview: Two sides of the same coin

Positive Side
History & Tradition Dynamism (Transportation & Information) Accessibility Modern / Open Life Style

Negative Side
Traffic, Environment Limited Space High Cost of Living National Security

I. Overview: Seoul, National capital since 1392

Population: 11.5 / 48.5 million Aerial size: 604 km2 / 100,000 km2 Number of vehicles: 3,000,000+ / 18,380,000 (1 per / household, 2011.10) Quality of life among world metropolitan cities:

86th / 215 (Mercer; April, 2008)

11

Basic Korean [Seok-Hoon You]

12

I. Overview: Cost of Living

Cost of living ranking 2010 - Mercer
Rank
1 2 3

City
LUANDA TOKYO NDJAMENA

Country

Daily Costs
Rank
11 11 13

City

Country
SINGAPORE NORWAY SEYCHELLES

ANGOLA Items JAPAN

SINGAPORE Cost (US$) OSLO VICTORIA

Meal CHAD
RUSSIA

7+ 1+

4
5 6 7 8

MOSCOW
GENEVA OSAKA

Bus SWITZERLAND

14
15 16 17 17

SEOUL
MILAN BEIJING LONDON PARIS 1+

SOUTH KOREA
ITALY CHINA UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE

LIBREVILLE ZURICH

Taxi

JAPAN GABON

2+

SWITZERLAND Subway

8
10

HONG KONG
COPENHAGEN

HONG KONG
DENMARK

19
19

TEL AVIV
NAGOYA

ISRAEL
JAPAN
13

I. Overview: Weather, Land, etc.

Weather: temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer

Areal Size (Land : Water resource)

South Korea: 100,140 km2 (98,190 km2 : 290 km2) North Korea: 120,540 km2 (120,410 km2 : 130 km2)
Vicious Cycle caused by scarcity of water resource in

North Korea :
> Loss of Crop Yields

> Shortage of food

> Malnutrition
14

15

I. Sky Overview: National Symbol Positive

power

Water

National Flower: Mukunghwa (hibiscus)

National Anthem : Aegwukka National Flag: Thaekeukki (white with a red (top) and blue Yin-Yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field.)
Fire
Negative power

Earth
16

II. The People

17

II. The People: in numbers

0-14 years: 19.4% (4,952,177 / 4,450,821) Age Structure 15-64 years: 72% (17,715,267 / 17,147,808) (Male / Female) 65 years+: 8.6% (1,670,971 / 2,485,600)
Birth & Death rate 9.4 births / 1,000 population 5.26 deaths / 1,000 population

Net migration 0 migrant(s) / 1,000 population rate At birth: 1.08 15 years-: 1.11 15-64 years: 1.03 65 years+: 0.67 Total population: 1.01

Sex ratio
(Male / Female)

Infant mortality rate

Male: 7.5 deaths / 1,000 live births Female: 6.57 deaths / 1,000 live births Total: 7.05 deaths / 1,000 live births

80 (M 76, F 83): 20th / 193 (May 2011) Global average: M (66.1), F (70.5) Life - Health Care Cost / GDP: 5.9% expectancy - MediCare-Welfare / GDP: 10.9% - Number of MD / 10,000: 16 * North Korea: 70 (M 67, F 72) Total 1.226 / woman fertility rate

II. The People: Gloomy future (imbalance in demographic distribution)

(Seniors)

(Working /Tax Paying Generation)

(Juniors)

20

II. The People: Fertility Crisis

1.5 1.4

1.3
1.2 1.1 1.0
2000 2001 2001 2003 Year
21

1.26
1.13
2006 2007

1.08
2004 2005

III. The History

III. The History: Prehistoric to Pre-modern era

Gojoseon (BC 2333 BC 108)

The Three Kingdoms (BC 57 - AD 935)

Balhae Kingdom (AD 668 - AD 926)

Koryo Dynasty (AD 918 - AD 1392)

Joseon Dynasty (AD 1392 - AD 1910)

23

III. The History: The Miracle

Japanese Colonization (ADSupport from Post-liberation 1910 - AD 1945) Korean War (1950-53): International Community - 4.5 million casualties (30% of total population, 2.45 million deceased) (1945-1950) - 80% devastation in the infrastructure

Post-Korean War Years: Poorest Country (GNP: $87)

USA USSR Industrialization: Success of 6 consecutive 5 year SouthDevelopment Plans (1962-1991) Korea North Korea Economic

The Miracle on the Han River with extremely limited natural resources > Quantum Leap in the Democratic Socialist GNP/capita ($87 in 1962 > $20,000 in 2007) Capitalism Communism * Rich human resource with excellent educational and technical background
24

III. The History: March to the global stage

1988: Seoul Olympic Games 2002: World Cup/Asian Games 2006: World Baseball Classic/German World Cup Games 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games/World Cup 2010

Major Intl Conferences and Conventions 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic

25

III. The History: Korea Odyssey

NT: Nano-technology BT: Bio-technology GT: Green-technology
Post IT: 21c (NT, BT, GT)

IT Industry 1990s PreModern Colonial & Korean War Industrialization 1962-91

PostKorean War 1954-61

26

IV. Hanlyuwood: Korean Culture Wave

IV. The Culture: Neighbors

Relationship: Japan, China & Korea
Blood Inheritance

Chinese characters /

words (over 60%)

Round and Sticky Rice

Chopsticks

28

IV. The Culture: Chopsticks

Korean Spoons and Chopsticks

29

Similarities 1. Long 2. Cylindrical 3. Set in a pair Differences 1. Length 2. Shape of the End point 3. Color and Material
30

31

IV. The Culture: Language

Hangukeo (Hanguk Korea + eo language); (Altaic) language

Turkish, Manchurian, , SOV word order

A mixed script of Hangeul and Chinese characters (Hangeul-only

policy in Korea in 1970 and ...)

You Seok Hoon

Hangeul (Korean Alphabet): 24 phonetic alphabets (14 consonants

depicting relevant speech organs such as lips, tongue shapes, tooth, and throat + 10 vowels depicting the heaven, earth, and man)
UNESCO World Heritage (1997) and suggested to those without any

letter system
32

Hangeul created by the Great King Sejong in 1443

33

 10 Basic Vowels:
a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu i

14 Basic Consonants: k/g n d l/r

giyeok Nieun digeut rieul

m b s
mieum bieup siot

ng j ch k t p h
ieung jieut chieut kieuk tieut pieup hieut
34

IV. The Culture: Hanlyu (Korean Wave) since 1990s

1. K-pop 2. K-Movie & drama 3. K-Sports stars

4. Traditional costume
5. Traditional cuisine

35

37

38

Traditional costume

39

IV. The Culture: Traditional cuisine

Kim-chi:
Chopped cabbage mixed with chilly pepper and other

spicy ingredients
One of the World's five healthiest foods (Health

Magazine, MAR 25, 2006); olive oil (reducing heart disease risk), Japanese soy bean paste (preventing cancer and osteoporosis), yogurt, and lentils)
Good for anti-oxidization and anti-cancer purpose

40

IV. The Culture: Other foods

Pul-go-gi Pi-bim-bap Sam-gye-tang Kim-bap Naeng-myeon

Pi-bim-bap Pul-go-gi Kim-bap Naeng-myeon Sam-gye-tang and (Spicy(Beef / Veg . Rice BBQ) (Korean Sushi) (Cold Noodle) (Chicken Soup) Meat)
42

Table setting

43

V. Basic Expressions

V. Basic expressions
1. An-nyeong-ha-sey-yo? How are you? How do you

do? Good morning/afternoon/evening

2. Ali im-ni-da. I am Ali. 3. Iraq-saram im-ni-da. I am Iraqi.

Hanguk-saram Korean-people
4. Ban-gap-sum-ni-da . Nice to meet you. 5. Mi-an-ham-ni-da. Sorry, Pardon me.

6. Jal meo-geo-sum-ni-da. I enjoyed the meal.

7. (A-ju / Cham) Ma-si-sum-ni-da.

Its (very) delicious.

45

8. Ma-si-kkey tu-sey-yo. Enjoy the meal, please.

9. Keon-bae Cheers. 10. Hwa-jang-sil eo-di-ye-yo? Where is the toilet? 11. Eol-ma-ye-yo?

How much is this?

12. Jom Kka-kka cwu-sey-yo. Give me some D.C.

13. Kam-sa-ham-ni-da / ko-map-sum-ni-da. Thank to go, to leave you.

14. An-nyeong-hi ga-sey-yo. (go safely)

An-nyeong-hi gye-sey-yo. (stay safely) Good bye

to stay
46


[Kam-sa-ham-ni-da ]
47