4.

5 Optimization II
Dr. Julia Arnold
using Tans 5th edition Applied Calculus for
the managerial , life, and social sciences
text
Suppose you want to make a rectangular garden but you can
only afford to buy 50 feet of fencing. What would be the
largest possible rectangle that you could have.
This problem is different from the ones in the last section
in that you want to optimize one thing (find max or min) but
you have been given a constraint (limited amount of fencing
in this case).
We need to consider two formulas:
one for the perimeter of the rectangle (which represents the
fencing) and one for the area of the rectangle (which
represents the largest size garden.
Suppose you want to make a rectangular garden but you can
only afford to buy 50 feet of fencing. What would be the largest
possible rectangle that you could have.
This problem is different from
the ones in the last section in
that you want to optimize one
thing (find max or min) but you
have been given a constraint
(limited amount of fencing in this
case).
We need to consider two
formulas:
one for the perimeter of the
rectangle (which represents
the fencing) and one for the
area of the rectangle (which
represents the largest size
garden.
The formula for the area which we would like to be a maximum is
A = lw
The formula for the perimeter which is the constraint is
50 = 2l + 2w
Since the Area formula is the one for which we seek a maximum,
it is the one that we need to find the derivative. But, it has two
variables l and w. Thats a problem.
Suppose you want to make a rectangular garden but you can
only afford to buy 50 feet of fencing. What would be the largest
possible rectangle that you could have.
The formula for the area which we
would like to be a maximum is
A = lw
The formula for the perimeter
which is the constraint is
50 = 2l + 2w
A= l w
Two
variables
thats a
problem
But thats where the
constraint equation
comes into play:
By solving it for l or w we can eliminate one
of the unknowns.
50 -2w = 2l
25 - w = l
A= l w
A(w)= (25-w)w
Now substitute for l in:
Now Area is only in terms of one variable w and we can differentiate.
50 -2w = 2l
25 - w = l
A= l w
A(w)= (25-w)w
The formula to maximize The constraint equation
Lets find A(w)
A(w) = (25 - w)1 + w(-1) product rule
Simplify
A(w) = 25 - w - w = 25 - 2w
Set = 0
0 = 25 - 2w
2w = 25
w = 12.5
To find l go back to the constraint equation and substitute
the w you just found.
50 -2w = 2l
25 - w = l
25 - 12.5 = 12.5 = l
What kind of rectangle has l = 12.5 and w = 12.5?
A rectangle that is a square.
12.5 ft.
12.5 ft.
12.5
12.5
The perimeter is 12.5 (4)= 50 ft.
of fencing.
Area is 156.25 sq. ft. or ft
2

How do we know this is the maximum area?
A quick way is to look at the graph
of our function
A(w) = 25w - w
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
x
y
At x = 12.5 we reach the peak of
the curve or the vertex.
Another way to convince ourselves that we have the maximum
area is to compute the area of some other rectangles with
perimeters of 50.
Width W Length L Area A
Max is 156.25
10 2L +2(10)=50
2L + 20= 50
2L = 30
L = 15
Area
10(15) = 150
13 2L +2(13)=50
2L + 26= 50
2L = 24
L = 12
13(12)=156
12.25 2L +2(12.25)=50
2L + 24.5= 50
2L = 25.5
L = 12.75
12.25(12.75)=
156.1875

1. Assign a letter to each variable mentioned in the
problem. If appropriate, draw and label a figure.
2. Find an expression for the quantity to be optimized.
3. Use the conditions given in the problem (the constraint)
to write the quantity to be optimized as a function f of
one variable. Note any restrictions to be placed on the
domain of f from physical considerations of the problem
4. Optimize the function f over its domain using the
methods of Section 4.4
Guidelines for Solving Optimization Problems
Example 1: Parcel Post Regulations
Postal regulations specify that a parcel sent by parcel post may
have a combined length and girth of no more than 108 in. Find the
dimensions of the cylindrical package of greatest volume that may
be sent through the mail. What is the volume of such a package?
Hint: The length plus the girth is and the volume is
l r + t 2
l
r
l r V
2
t =
First draw (as best you can) a picture of
the cylindrical package.
Next, label the picture: r is the radius of
the circular ends and l is the length of the
cylinder.
In this problem the formulas are given in the hint.
Can you write the equation to be maximized?
Example 1: Parcel Post Regulations
Postal regulations specify that a parcel sent by parcel post may
have a combined length and girth of no more than 108 in. Find the
dimensions of the cylindrical package of greatest volume that may
be sent through the mail. What is the volume of such a package?
Hint: The length plus the girth is and the volume is
l r + t 2
l
r
l r V
2
t =
In this problem the formulas are given in the hint.
Can you write the equation to be maximized?
If you said: you would be
correct as it says, Find the dimensions of
the cylindrical package of greatest volume
and V would stand for volume.
l r V
2
t =
How many variables are in the Volume formula?
Example 1: Parcel Post Regulations
Postal regulations specify that a parcel sent by parcel post may
have a combined length and girth of no more than 108 in. Find the
dimensions of the cylindrical package of greatest volume that may
be sent through the mail. What is the volume of such a package?
Hint: The length plus the girth is and the volume is
l r + t 2
l
r
l r V
2
t =
How many variables are in the Volume formula?
l r V
2
t =
Two r and l.
If there are two what did you
learn from the earlier problem
about the garden?
Two variables is a problem.
But the constraint equation
can fix it.
Example 1: Parcel Post Regulations
Postal regulations specify that a parcel sent by parcel post may
have a combined length and girth of no more than 108 in. Find the
dimensions of the cylindrical package of greatest volume that may
be sent through the mail. What is the volume of such a package?
Hint: The length plus the girth is and the volume is
l r + t 2
l
r
l r V
2
t =
What is the constraint equation?
l r + t 2
= 108
Which is the easiest variable to solve for
r or l ?
r l t = 2 108
r l t = 2 108
The constraint equation
( )
3 2 2
2
2
2 108
2 108
r r r V
r r V
l r V
t t =
t t =
t =
) (
The equation to maximize.
Finding the derivative of V( r)

( )
t
= =
t = =
= t = t
t t =
t t =
'
t t =
36
0
36 0
0 36 0 6
36 6 0
6 216
2 108
2 2
3 2 2
r r
r r
r r
r r
r r r V
r r r V
,
,
,
) (
) (
The critical points are 0 and
t
36
0 creates a minimum because
the radius of 0 would mean no
cylinder. How do we know
that creates a maximum?
t
36
Lets use the 2nd derivative test.

t = t t =
|
.
|

\
|
t
t t =
|
.
|

\
|
t
' '
t t = ' '
t t = '
216 432 216
36
12 216
36
12 216
6 216
2
2
2 2
V
r r V
r r r V
) (
) (
Since the 2nd derivative is negative that means the function is
concave down which means the critical point is creating a
maximum.
Example 1: Parcel Post Regulations
Postal regulations specify that a parcel sent by parcel post may
have a combined length and girth of no more than 108 in. Find the
dimensions of the cylindrical package of greatest volume that may
be sent through the mail. What is the volume of such a package?
Hint: The length plus the girth is and the volume is
l r + t 2
l r V
2
t =
We have found the dimension of the radius to be
t
36
36 72 108
36
2 108 = =
t
t = l
Is the length of the package.
The volume is
3
3
2
06605 14851
656 46 36
36
36
in V .
,
~
t
=
t
=
|
.
|

\
|
t
t =
Example 2: By cutting away identical squares from each corner of
a rectangular piece of cardboard and folding up the resulting
flaps, the cardboard may be turned into an open box. If the
cardboard is 16 inches long and 10 inches wide, find the
dimensions of the box that will yield the maximum volume.
16
10
x
x
16
10
x
x
Can you figure out the inside
dimensions?
Hint: The long one is 16 2x.
The short one is 10 2x.
x
We need this information
because they form the
dimensions of the box when you
cut out the corners and bend up
the sides.
We are constrained by the size of the paper we are using.
The volume of a rectangular solid is
V= LWH (length, width, height)

V(x) = (16-2x)(10-2x)x
( )
3 2
2
2
4 52 160 ) (
4 52 160 ) (
) 4 20 32 160 ( ) (
) 2 10 )( 2 16 ( ) (
x x x x v
x x x x v
x x x x x v
x x x x v
+ =
+ =
+ =
=
To maximize the volume we take v(x).
40 26 3 0
4 _ _
160 104 12 0
12 104 160 ) (
4 52 160 ) (
2
2
2
3 2
+ =
+ =
+ = '
+ =
x x
by divide
x x
x x x v
x x x x v
( )( )
2 x or
3
2
6
3
20
x
2 x 20 x 3
2 x 20 x 3 0
40 x 26 x 3 0
x 4 x 52 x 160 x v
2
3 2
= = =
= =
=
+ =
+ =
_ _
,
) (
Now we solve for the value x has to be
In order to
determine which of
these numbers
gives a max or a
min we can use the
second derivative
test.
( )
min _ _ _ , ) ( _
) (
max _ _ _ , ) ( _
) (
) (
) (
) (
a have we 0
3
20
v Since
56 160 104
3
20
24 104
3
20
v
a have we 0 2 v Since
56 48 104 2 24 104 2 v
x 24 104 x v
x 12 x 104 160 x v
x 4 x 52 x 160 x v
2
3 2
> ' '
= + =
|
.
|

\
|
+ = ' '
s ' '
= + = + = ' '
+ = ' '
+ = '
+ =
Thus when x = 2 we get the box with maximum volume.
Just for fun lets compute a few volumes for different x values.
X 16-2x 10-2x Volume=x(16-2x)(10-2x)
1.5 16-3=13 10-3=7 136.5
2 16-4=12 10-4=6 144
2.5 16-5=11 10-5=5 137.5
144
As you can see x=2 produces the largest volume.
Minimizing Cost Example
For its beef stew, the Betty Moore Company uses tin
containers that have the form of a right circular cylinder (or
a can). Find the radius and the height of a container if it has
a capacity of 36in
3
and is constructed using the least amount
of metal.
To get some information on Volume see the next slide
A cylinder is what we might think of as a can. While we
may have in mathematics slanted cans, the ones in the
store are what we call a right circular cylinder in that
the sides are perpendicular to the horizontal. The base
and top of the can is a circle and thus has a radius r,
the distance between the top and bottom is called the
height of the can or h. If cut and straightened out this
shape would be a rectangle.

Click
for
sound
h r V
2
t =
h
r
h
r
For its beef stew, the Betty
Moore Company uses tin
containers that have the form
of a right circular cylinder (or
a can). Find the radius and the
height of a container if it has
a capacity of 36in
3
and is
constructed using the least
amount of metal.
What is the constraint?
The volume.
The material which makes up the can.
h
r
For its beef stew, the Betty
Moore Company uses tin
containers that have the form
of a right circular cylinder (or
a can). Find the radius and the
height of a container if it has
a capacity of 36in
3
and is
constructed using the least
amount of metal.
What is the constraint?
The volume.
The material which makes up the can.
Right, 36in
3
to be precise.

No, this is what we
want to minimize.
If you chose
h
r
For its beef stew, the Betty
Moore Company uses tin
containers that have the form
of a right circular cylinder (or
a can). Find the radius and the
height of a container if it has
a capacity of 36in
3
and is
constructed using the least
amount of metal.
Write a formula for the volume and,
Write a formula for the material which makes up the can.
Wait to click till you do.
h
r
For its beef stew, the Betty
Moore Company uses tin
containers that have the form
of a right circular cylinder (or
a can). Find the radius and the
height of a container if it has
a capacity of 36in
3
and is
constructed using the least
amount of metal.
Write a formula for the volume and,
Write a formula for the material which makes up the can.
h r V
2
t =
Top = bottom = sides =
2
r t
2
r t rh 2t
rh 2 r 2
2
t + t
Which totals =
h
r
Top = bottom = sides =
2
r t
2
r t rh 2t
rh 2 r 2
2
t + t
Added together =
h r V
2
t =
2
r t
Is the area of the circle.
Multiply that by the height to
get Volume.
The can has a top and bottom whose area is a circle thus
2
r 2t
The side of the can rolls out into a rectangle in which the width is h
and the length is the same as the Circumference of the Circle which
is . The area of a rectangle is LW =
r 2t
rh 2t
Explanation of formulas:
The Volume constraint is written:

h
r
36
h for Solve
h r 36
2
2
=
t
t =
_ _
The equation to minimize is:
which has two variables r and h and as such cannot yet have its
derivative taken.

rh 2 r 2 h r f
2
t + t = ) , (
Next we need to substitute our value for h in the constraint
equation into the f(r,h) which would then make it just f(r ).
1 2 2
2
2
r 72 r 2
r
72
r 2 r f
r
36
r 2 r 2 r f

+ t = + t =
t
t + t =
) (
) (
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1 2 2
18
r
18
r
4
72
r
r 4 72
72 r 4 0
r
72
r 4 0
r
72
r 4 r 72 r 4 r f
r 72 r 2
r
72
r 2 r f
t
=
t
=
t
=
t =
t =
t =
t = t = '
+ t = + t =

) (
) (
To minimize we find f(r ) and set equal to 0.
To check that this value does
create a minimum, lets do the
2nd derivative test.
t = t + t =
t
+ t =
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
+ t =
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
' '
+ t = + t = ' '
t = '

12 8 4
18
144
4
18
144
4
18
f
r
144
4 r 144 4 r f
r 72 r 4 r f
3
3
3
3
3
2
) (
) (
Which is positive and thus creates a minimum.
For its beef stew, the Betty Moore Company uses tin containers
that have the form of a right circular cylinder (or a can). Find the
radius and the height of a container if it has a capacity of 36in
3

and is constructed using the least amount of metal.
We also need to find the height of the can with this radius.
( )
( ) ( )
( )
3
3
1
3
1
3
2
3
1
3
2
3
1
3
2
3
2
3
2 2
3
2
18
2
18 2
18
18 2
18
36
18
36
18
36
18
36
r
36
h
t
=
t

=
t

=
t
t
t
=
|
.
|

\
|
t
t
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
t
=
t
=
This is what we have found :
The can has a capacity of 36 in
3

The radius and height which will give the minimum amount of
material used is
3
18
r
t
= 3
18
2 h
t
=
First, lets check that the volume is 36 in
3
.
36
18
2
18
2
18
V
3
2
3
=
t
t =
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
t =
r
1.5
2
Now lets check to see if the material used is a minimum amount
by choosing values for r around the value we obtained.
3
18
t
2
r
36
h
t
=
rh 2 r 2
2
t + t
h r V
2
t =
... .789 1
18
3
~
t
) . ( 25 2
36
t
36
25 2
36
25 2 V =
t
t =
.
.
( ) ( )
137 62 48 5 4
25 2
36
5 1 2 25 2 2
. .
.
. .
~ + t
t
t + t
3
18
2
t
36
rh 2 r 2
2
t + t
355 60
18
6
18
2
18
2
18
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
3
2
. ~ |
.
|

\
|
t
t = |
.
|

\
|
t
|
.
|

\
|
t
t + |
.
|

\
|
t
t
t
=
t
=
9
4
36
h 36
9
4 V = |
.
|

\
|
t
t =
( ) 132 61 36 8
9
2 2 4 2 . ~ + t =
t
t + t
Good Luck on the problems!