1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Character building : responsibility, respectly, carefully, honesty,confidently, discipline, diligently Entrepreneurship : respon, respect, carefullness, honest, confidence, diligence, discipline

Through the class discussion, student can describe the definition of elements Through the class discussion, student can know the name and symbol of elements By giving student worksheet and the explaination of teacher, student can understand the difference between metal and non-metal Through the pictures explanation by teacher, student can describe the difference between elements and compounds Through the explaination of teacher, student understand the name and symbol of compounds By giving student worksheet, student can describe the difference between the name and symbol of elements and compounds Through the class discussion and giving student worksheet, student can describe the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures

Elements Atom Molecules Compounds Metal Non-metal mixtures

substances

Pure substances

mixtures

elements

compounds

hetero

homo

metal

nonmetal

ionic

molecular

alloys

solutions

1. 2.

If an element is symbolized by one letter, it mustt be capital letter If an element is symbolized by more than one letters, the fisrt letter must be capital letter followed by small letter

Hydrogen Helium Boron Carbon Calcium Cobalt Brom Nitrogen Nikel

- elements may consist of atoms of same element or molecules of the same element.

Elements are made up of tiny particles Elements can be further classified into two groups:

Is the smallest particle of an element and has the same chemical properties of the element

Is made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

(note: these atoms are of the SAME element!!)

Hi, I am from the Noble gas family and I work alone

We same same!!

Atoms of same element

Molecules of same element

Cu
copper elemen t

H e helium

H
Hydrogen gas element

elemen t

O O

ozone

N a sodium
elemen t

Examples of models of atoms:

H
Hydrogen atom

N a
Sodium atom

Cl
Chlorine atom

Very few elements exists as atoms besides elements such as helium and neon.

For example, hydrogen is H2.

Most elements exist as molecules.

Ozone is O3.

elements are arranged in the Periodic Table, classified as metals and non-metals.
-

Metals (excluding hydrogen)

Non-metals (including hydrogen)

Metals Shiny appearance Solids at r.t.p (except mercury) Malleable, Ductile, Sonorous High melting and boiling points Good conductors of heat Good conductors of electricity

Non-metals Dull appearance Gases, liquids or solids at r.t.p (room temp & pressure) Brittle if solid (general) Low melting and boiling points Poor conductors of heat Poor conductors of electricity (expect carbon and graphite)

Example: Making water (picture)

ELEMENTS hydrogen oxygen (colourless gas) (colourless gas) lighted splint COMPOUND

heat, light and explosion

water (colourless liquid)

Example: Making water (models)

mixture of hydrogen heat, and oxygen and light water

explosion

Hydrogen molecule

Oxygen molecule

Water molecule

Example: Making iron sulphide compound elements Iron sulphide + yellow grey + sulphur

compound

heat
iron

heat

black

A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more elements chemically combined together.
- Chemical reactions taking place.

Qn: Is this a compound?

It only contains one Cu type of element.

Qn: Is this a compound?

It only contains one type of element.

Qn: Is this a compound?

O O It is not chemically H combined. H O

General Rules: - Only write the name of the metallic element first - Write the number of atoms of any element in the compound in subscript (applies to only 2 or more atoms) - ide will always be written at the end of the non metal element

A compound made up of two elements has a name that ends in -ide.

A compound that contains hydroxide ions , OH

(a negatively charged ion made up of oxygen and hydrogen) is named a hydroxide.

A compound that contains a negatively

charged polyatomic ion containing oxygen usually has a name ending in ate.

A compound is made up of different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. For example, water (H2O) is a compound made

only by joining together two atoms of hydrogen

to one atom of oxygen.

That is, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen

atoms in water is always 2 : 1.

A compound can be represented by a chemical formula. The chemical formula states the types of atoms (i.e. elements) in the compound, the ratio of the different atoms in the compound. Types of atoms: hydrogen, oxygen Ratio of H to O = 2:1
Copyright 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

For many compounds that contain both metallic and non-metallic elements, the symbol of the metallic element is written first.

calcium oxide (CaO) sodium chloride (NaCl) magnesium carbonate (MgCO3)

The number of atoms is written as a subscript, to the right of the atoms symbol.

water (H2O, not H2O or 2HO)

magnesium carbonate (MgCO3, not MgCO3 or MgC3O)

It is not necessary to write the subscript 1.

water (H2O, not H2O1) calcium oxide (CaO, not Ca1O1)

The oxygen atom is usually written at the end of the formula.

water (H2O, not OH2) carbon dioxide (CO2, not O2C) nitric acid (HNO3, not O3NH)

Number of lead (Pb) atoms =

1

Number of nitrogen (N) atoms =1x2=2

Pb(NO3)2
Number of oxygen (O) atoms
=3x2=6

water Sugar Sodium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide CaCO3 NaCl

Definition of a mixture: A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of molecules which are not chemically combined together.

Note that a mixture: consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds NOT chemically combined. Can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous can be separated into its components by physical means, and often retains many of the properties of its components.

A mixture contains two or more substances that are mixed together but have not reacted with each other. Sea water is a mixture of salts, water and other substances.

A mixture is not the same as a compound: 1. The proportions of the substances in a mixture are not fixed.

2. The properties of a mixture are often an average of the properties of its ingredients (e.g. a mixture of a black and grey).
3. The substances in a mixture are just mixed, not chemically usually quite easy to separate the

white powder is joined, and so it is

ingredients (e.g. it is easy to get salt from sea water).

A mixture of two elements, e.g. neon (Ne) and hydrogen (H2)

A mixture of one element and one compound, e.g. hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3)

A mixture of two compounds, e.g. water vapour (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)


Mr Alloy

It is a mixture of metals with other elements Alloy metals are generally stronger and better in physical properties Examples
Steel (Iron + Carbon) Stainless Steel (Nickel + Iron + Chromium + carbon) Brass (Copper + Zinc)

Yup! Thats ME!

How can each mixture be separated?

Mixture glass and water sea water

Wanted glass salt

Method filter evaporate distil pipette

sea water
cooking oil and water alcohol and water

water
cooking oil alcohol

distil

Compounds E.g. Water H2O Separation Cannot be separated into its

Mixtures E.g. Salt solution

Can be easily separated into constituents by physical its constituents by physical methods. Separation can only methods. be done by chemical methods e.g. Salt can be obtained or by electricity. from its solution by e.g. Water can only be evaporation. Water can be separated into Hydrogen and obtained by simple Oxygen by Electrolysis. distillation.

Compounds E.g. Water H2O

Mixtures E.g. Salt solution

Composition The composition is fixed. The Has no fixed

constituents (elements) in the composition. The compound are combined in amount of constituents definite amount. in a mixture can vary.
e.g. To form one molecule of water, two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen is needed. e.g. The amount of salt added into the water to make salt solution can vary and vice versa.

Compounds E.g. Water H2O

properties of the compound is different from the properties of its constituents.

Mixtures E.g. Salt solution

own properties. It has the average physical and chemical properties of the constituents that made it up. (Each constituents still retain its own properties)

Properties The physical and chemical The mixture does not have its

e.g. Hydrogen and Oxygen are gases while water is a e.g. The salt solution still retains liquid at room temperature its salt taste. and pressure. e.g. Salt solution does not have a e.g. Water has a fixed fixed melting or boiling point, but melting and boiling point. rather over a range of temperature.

Compounds E.g. Water H2O Energy Change

Mixtures E.g. Salt solution

Energy is usually given out or Normally little or no occasionally taken in when a energy is given out or compound is formed. taken in when a mixture is formed.