GEOMETRIC TOLERANCE

Definition of Tolerance
Tolerance

is the total amount a dimension may vary. It is the difference between the maximum and minimum limits.

Tolerancing Control of Variability

Objectives

Understand the description and control of variability through tolerancing. Use standard tables for tolerancing and control of fit

Important Terms
Nominal Size used for the purpose of general identification
Basic Size theoretical size used as starting point to derived the limit for that dimension

Actual Size measured size

Limits maximum and minimum sizes permissible for a specific dimension (shown by tolerances)

Tolerance total allowable variance in dimensions (upper limit lower limit)

Important Terms Multiple Parts

Allowance the minimum clearance or maximum interference between parts Fit degree of tightness between two parts * Clearance Fit tolerance of mating parts always leave a space * Interference Fit tolerance of mating parts always interfere * Transition Fit sometimes interfere, sometimes clear

Bilateral Tolerance variation is permitted in both direction from the specified dimension
Unilateral Tolerance variation is permitted in only one direction from the specified dimension

Key Concept
TERMINOLOGY
BASIC SIZE BASIC SIZE WITH TOLERANCE ADDED LIMITS OF SIZE

EXAMPLE
1.500 1.500.004

EXPLANATION

HALF OF TOTAL TOLERANCE LARGEST AND SMALLEST SIZE PERMITTED DIFFERENT BETWEEN LIMITS OF SIZE

1.504 1.496 .008

TOLERANCE

Direct Limits and Tolerance Values

Can be: Limits: Upper limit = 3.53 Lower limit = 3.49 Unilateral vary in only one direction

Bilateral vary larger or smaller (may or may not be same amount)

Geometric Tolerance System

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GDT) is a method of defining parts based on how they function, using standard ANSI symbols.

Notes and Title Block

ALL DECIMAL DIMENSIONS THAT ARE THREE PLACE ACCUARCY (.XXX) TO BE HELD TO +/-.005"

Fitting Two Parts

Fit Calculations
Clearance = Hole Shaft Cmax = Hmax Smin Cmin = Hmin Smax Both Cmax and Cmin >0 Clearance fit Both Cmax and Cmin <0 Interference fit Cmax > 0, Cmin < 0 Transition fit Allowance = Hmin - Smax (i.e., Cmin)

Fit Calculations
System Tolerance = Cmax - Cmin (Sometimes called Clearance Tolerance)
Also, System Tolerance = Ti

Ti = Hole tolerance + Shaft tolerance

So, System Tolerance, or Ts , can be write as: Ts = Cmax - Cmin = Ti Thus, you always have a check value

Example
Example: Clearance = Hole Shaft Cmax = Hmax Smin = 0.510 - 0.485 = 0.025 Cmin = Hmin Smax = 0.505 0.490 = 0.015

Since Cmax and Cmin are both positive. It is a Clearance Fit.

Check! Clearance tolerance = Cmax Cmin = 0.025 0.015 = 0.010 Hole Tolerance = 0.510 0.505 = 0.005 Shaft Tolerance = 0.490 0.485 = 0.005 System Tolerance = 0.005 + 0.005 = 0.010

Shaft and Hole Fits

Clearance Interference

Shaft and Hole Fits

Transition

Basic Hole System or Hole Basis

Definition of the "Basic Hole System": The "minimum size" of the hole is equal to the "basic size" of the fit Example: If the nominal size of a fit is 1/2", then the minimum size of the hole in the system will be 0.500"

Metric Preferred Hole Basis System of Fits

Exercise!!!

Do it your self !

Can you read this drawing ?

ANY QUESTION ?