The Theories

Leslie Hintz and Mimi Generous

Gestalt Therapy Reality Therapy Solution -Focused

Gestalt Therapy

Founder: Frederick Perls & Laura Perls Key Figures: The late Miriam Polster and Erving Polster

Major Focus
Used to deepen our awareness of ourselves and our feelings in a less intellectual manner than the more traditional forms of therapy. It is designed to help people to focus on the present moment more fully and gain awareness of what they are doing. Experiential Therapy that stresses here-and-now awareness & Integration of the Fragmented parts of the personality. What and how the behavior and the role of unfinished business of the past and preventing the effected function in the present.

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 Introjection Projection

The 5 Major Channels of Resistance

The uncritical acceptance of others beliefs and standards without assimilating ones own personality Disown certain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them to the environment the opposite of introjections

Retroflection Confluence

act of turning back on to ourselves something we would like to do (or have done) to someone else
disturbance in which the sense of boundary between self and environment is lost a way of avoiding contact and awareness by being vague and indirect

Deflection

Goals of Counseling
Attain awareness which includes knowing environment and oneself , accepting oneself, and being able to make conflict Clients are helped to note their own awareness process so they can be responsible and can selectively and discriminatingly make choices. With awareness the client is able to recognize denied aspects of self and proceed toward reintegration of all its parts Helps shed light on unfinished business by helping us to focus our awareness on our feelings (or lack of) moments to moment

Role and Focus

The basic work of therapy is done by client who is expected to be active. The Empty Chair Therapists do not force change on clients; rather, the create experiments within a context of the I/Thou dialogue in a here and- now framework Client will often engage in role playing The therapist acts as a Guide and a catalyst Therapist do not force change on clients

Thoughts and Feelings about Gestalt Theory?

Reality Theory

Reality Theory

Founders: William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding Developed in 1950 and 1960 Is a form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Major Focus
All people have a choice about what they are doing. Focus on the present and avoid discussing the past because all human problems are caused by unsatisfying present relationships. Provides a framework on why and how people behave. Behavior is viewed as our best attempt to get what we want and is purposeful Designed to close the gap between what we want and what we perceive.

Goals of Counseling
To help people find better ways to meet their needs for survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun. Satisfaction of basic needs Personal growth, improvement, enhancing lifestyles and better decision making

Role and Focus

Therapists help clients gain psychological strength to accept personal responsibilities for their lives and assist them in learning ways to regain control on their lives and to live more effectively Clients are challenged to examine what they are doing, thinking, and feeling to figure out if there is a better way for them to function.
Honesty and comprehensive self evaluation Determine what aspects of their existence they are willing to change

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Procedures in the practice of reality therapy are summarized in the

WDEP

model

W D E P

Wants: exploring wants, needs, and Perceptions.

Directions and Doing: Focusing on what clients are doing and the direction that this is taking them. Evaluation: Challenging clients to make an evaluation of their total behavior. Planning and Commitment: Assisting clients in formulating realistic plans and making a commitment to carry them out.

Thoughts and Feelings about Reality Theory?

Solution-Focused Theory

Solution-Focused Theory

Founders Insoo Kim Berg and Steve De Shazer often referred to as simply 'solution focused therapy' or 'brief therapy

Major Focus
Therapists disowns the role of expert, preferring a more collaborative consultative stance. Focus is not on discussing problems but on creating solutions. Focuses on what Clients want to achieve through therapy rather than on the problem(s) that made them seek help. Not on the past, but instead, in the present and future

Goals of counseling
Emphasizes the role of clients establishing their own goals and preferences. Both the therapist and client develop useful treatment goals therapists help their clients to construct a concrete vision of a preferred future for themselves helps the client to identify times in their current life that are closer to this future, and examines what is different on these occasions.

Role and Focus

Therapists pay attention to what is working Change is constant and inevitable and small changes pave the way for larger changes Clients are invited to view their stories from different perspectives and eventually co-create and alternative life story Clients are asked to find evidence to support a new view of themselves as being competent enough to escape the dominance of the problem and are encouraged to consider what kind of future could be expected for the competent person that is emerging . encourages clients to identify and do more of what is already working

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 In this theory therapist assist clients in paying attention to the exceptions to their problems? Therapist use questions that presuppose change posit multiple answers and remained goal-oriented and future-oriented? In this theory the role of the client is to create solutions based on his/her internal resources?
True True True

True or False

Any Questions?