KINDS OF ROPE:

NATURAL FIBER rope made from natural materials hemp and manila cotton.

 SYNTHETIC ROPES- made from one continues length they are lighter than ropes made from natural fibers available in a variety of colors.

CHARACTERISTIC OF ROPES:

DYNAMIC- ropes that stretch.

 STATIC- ropes without stretching capabilities and weaker than dynamic rope.

TYPES OF ROPES:
LAID ROPE- synthetic/ natural fibers are twisted into yarns, yarns into strands and strands twisted into rope.

 KERMANTLE ROPE- a rope with a large number of filaments running the whole length of the rope contained in braided sheath.

KNOT CLASSIFICATION AND USAGE

STOPPERS- knot most often used to prevent the end of a length of rope slipping to an eye or to hole. It could also be used to bind the end of the line so that it will not unravel.

 HITCHES- knots used to secure a rope to a post, hook ring or rail. It keeps their shapes on their own.

 LOOPS- made to be dropped over an object, unlike hitches are made directly around the object and follow it shapes.

 BENDS- knots used to join the end of two length of rope to form one longer piece. Ideally, to ensure that the knot is secure, the two ropes that are to be joined should be of the same kind and have the same diameter.

 RUNNING- also known as slip or nooses, their main characteristics are that they tighten the objects on which they are tied but slacken when the strain is reduce.

ROPE MANAGEMENT
Avoid dragging rope over sharp or rough edges or over surface where the particles of dirt and grit will penetrate the fibers. Do not force rope into harsh kinks. Before coiling, always make sure the rope is dry. Wash rope with mild soap. Tying knots weakens rope. Unite knots from the ropes after use.

When travelling, place rope in a bag to protect from dirt.

KINDS OF ROPE COIL

Mountaineers Coil

Cavers Coil

Alpine Coil

Birds Nest Coil

When you are belaying it is essential that you use the standard voice signals (also called command or calls ) Otherwise even momentary confusion could cause accident. They take place as an exchange of voice signal between the climber (or rappel) and the be layer to ensure the both are ready for any possibility.

1.On Belay A question: I am about to climb ( or rappel }, are you ready to catch me if fall?

2.Belay On A statement : I am ready to catch you if I fall

 Additional signals that assist communication between climber and the be layer. CLIMBER SLACK TENSION