ELECTRONICS

By RASHID IQBAL

Introduction to Nanotechnology for Electronics Computers

smaller size allows faster processing. Silicon chip limit = 20nm, end by 2018. why? Beyond 20nm size of processor silicon become electrically leaky. New circuit materials, processors, information storage, ways of transferring information such as optoelectronics.

Nanotechnology for Electronics computers

Limitation of current technology, for example Lithography technique almost reached its limit (anything below 22nm is just not feasible). What is the solution? Answer is bottom up approach Intel being close to market with their 65nm products as a result 10 to 15 % improved drive current. Nano size offers less leakage therefore offering large power savings. IBM researcher have developed transistors from carbon Nanotubes.

New Memory Types

Larger storage in smaller size

R&D work is under processes on Ni Nano-dots stores 5000 GB data on a stamp size flash memory
Conventional flash memory has a limit to rewrite between 10,000 to 100.000 writes. solution?

MRAM (magneto resistive random access memory)

Faster Transfer
Replacing copper with quantum dots Transferring data within devices at the speed of light

Solar cells and photovoltaics

Traditional solar cell are made of semi-conducters and expensive to produce. Theoretical upper limit is 33% efficiency for conversion of sunlight to electricity for these cells. Utilizing quantum dots allow realization of third generation solar cells at 60% efficiency in electricity production while being 100 or less per square meter of paneling necessary. Effective due to quantum dots ability to preferentially absorb and emit radiation that result in optimal generation of electric current and voltage.

New Displays
OLEDs are cheaper and easier to manufacture than LEDs Consist of thin layer of electrically conducting organic molecules, are 100nm in size OLEDs are used in small video screens such as in mobiles Quantum dot OLED generate their own light unlike traditional LCDs QD-OLED emit absolutely any color imaginable, with no range limit as seen with traditional devices

Nano emission Display Panel

It is difficult to manufacture OLEDs that are small enough for high-resolution displays. Nanowire-transistor electronics could solve this problem Using carbon nanotubes to direct electrons to illuminate pixels, resulting in a lightweight, millimeter thick Nano emission display panel.

Company Products or Projects

Everspin Technologies Magneto resistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) HP Self-assembled nanostructures IBM Nano photonics Intel Integrated circuits with Nano-sized features

California Molecular Electronics Corp.

Molecule sized switches and other devices Unidym Nanotube based transparent conductive film for use in applications such as LCD display and e-paper Imec Developing CMOS technology for IC's using sub-22nm geometry QD Vision Developing quantum dot based displays