Ch04 Final

MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
FIFTH EDITION CHAPTER 4
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

E. Wainright Martin Carol V. Brown Daniel W. DeHayes Jeffrey A. Hoffer William C. Perkins
THE NEED FOR NETWORKING

Sharing of technology resources Sharing of data Distributed data processing and client/server systems Enhanced communications Marketing outreach
2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall
Chapter 4 - 2
Page 96-97
AN OVERVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Networking the electronic linking of geographically dispersed devices Telecommunications communications (voice and data) at a distance
Chapter 4 - 3
Page 97-98
Chapter 4 - 4
Table 4.1 Functions of a Telecommunications Network
Page 98
KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Analog and Digital Signals
Analog network uses continuous voltage varying as a function of time
Example: voice over telephone lines
Digital network directly transmits two discrete states
Note: 0 for pulse off and 1 for pulse on

Chapter 4 - 5
Page 98-100

Analog and Digital Signals Modem Device needed when transmitting data over analog lines Converts data from digital to analog to be sent over analog telephone lines Also reconverts data back to digital after data transmission Abbreviation for modulator/demodulator
Chapter 4 - 6
Page 99

Analog and Digital Signals
Chapter 4 - 7
Figure 4.1 Use of Modem in Analog Network
Page 99

Speed of Transmission Bandwidth difference between highest and lowest frequencies (cycles per second) that can be transmitted on a single medium common measure of a mediums capacity
Chapter 4 - 8
Page 100

Speed of Transmission Hertz cycles per second Baud number of signals sent per second
Bits per second (bps) number of bits sent per second

When each cycle sends one signal that transmits exactly one bit of data (often the case), then the three terms are identical
Chapter 4 - 9
Page 100

Types of Transmission Lines
Switched line system

Example: public telephone system Uses switching centers to route signals along best possible path to destination Leased from companies such as MCI, Sprint, AT&T Use direct physical lines between source and destination
Chapter 4 - 10
Private (dedicated) lines

Page 101

Simplex data travels in one direction only Half-duplex data can travel in both directions, but only one direction at a time Full-duplex data travels in both directions at the same time
Chapter 4 - 11
Page 101

Transmission Media
Chapter 4 - 12
Page 101

Transmission Media Typical Speeds
Chapter 4 - 13
Table 4.2 Telecommunications Transmission Speeds
Page 101

Transmission Media
Chapter 4 - 14
Figure 4.3 Construction of a Coaxial Cable
Page 102

Transmission Media Wireless broadcast technology in which radio signals are sent out into the air Cordless telephone Cellular phone Wireless LAN
Chapter 4 - 15
Microwave
Satellite
Page 102

Transmission Media
Chapter 4 - 16
Figure 4.4 Satellite Communications
Page 102

Fiber-optic cabling
Newest transmission medium Transmits data by pulses of light through thin fiber of glass Much faster than other media Thinner requires less space More secure harder to tap
Chapter 4 - 17
Page 105-106

Topology of Networks Topology term used to describe the configuration or arrangement of network devices and media
Chapter 4 - 18
Page 106

Topology of Networks
Chapter 4 - 19
Figure 4.5 Network Topologies Page 106
More Complex Networks
Chapter 4 - 20
Figure 4.6 vBNS+ Network Map
Page 107

Types of Networks Computer Telecommunications Networks Private branch exchange (PBX) Networks
Local Area Networks (LANs)

Backbone Networks Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Internet
Internet2
Chapter 4 - 21
Page 108

Types of Networks Computer Telecommunications Networks Emanates from a single medium or large computer Usually arranged as a tree Uses coaxial and twisted pair cabling Controlled by central computer Often has a front-end processor to handle all aspects of telecommunications
Chapter 4 - 22
Page 108
Chapter 4 - 23
Figure 4.7 Computer Telecommunications Network
Page 108

Types of Networks Private Branch Exchanges (PBX) Originally analog, today usually digital Can serve as the central device in a star or ring network Can function as front-end processor for mainframe
Chapter 4 - 24
Page 109

Types of Networks Private Branch Exchanges (PBX) Advantages:
Can connect ALL telecommunications devices in a building or campus Can use existing telephone wiring Can carry voice and data over same network Has a high-potential throughput
Chapter 4 - 25
Page 109
Chapter 4 - 26
Figure 4.8 Schematic Representation of a PBX
Page 109

Types of Networks Local Area Networks Owned by a single organization Operate within area 2-3 miles in diameter Contain a number of intelligent devices, usually microcomputers, that can process data based on peer-to-peer relationship No part of telephone system, have their own wiring
Chapter 4 - 27
Page 109

Local Area Networks LAN Topologies and Standards Contention bus design IEEE 802.3 Token bus design IEEE 802.4 Token ring design IEEE 802.5 Wireless design IEEE 802.11
Chapter 4 - 28
Page 109

Local Area Networks Contention Bus Design (Ethernet) Bus topology Implemented with coax or twisted pair Usually half-duplex All devices contend for use of cable Design now called Shared Ethernet uses a contention bus as its logical topology and implemented with a physical star arrangement
Chapter 4 - 29
Page 110
Chapter 4 - 30
Figure 4.9 Shared Ethernet Topology: Logical Bus, Physical Star
Page 109

Local Area Networks Switched Ethernet Newer variation, better performance, higher price Uses switch instead of hub Operates both logical and physical star Each device has own dedicated circuit
Chapter 4 - 31
Page 110

Local Area Networks Token Bus Employs bus topology, no contention Uses single token passed around to all devices in order Device can only transmit when has token Central to Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) connects robots and other machines on assembly line by a LAN
Chapter 4 - 32
Page 110

Local Area Networks Token Ring Device attached to ring must seize token before can send a message Collisions cannot occur Usual implementation is physical star, logical ring
Chapter 4 - 33
Page 111

Local Area Networks Wireless LAN Known as Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Growing in demand for corporate and home use Use IEEE 802.11 standards with shared Ethernet design Requires use of wireless network interface card (NIC) Wireless Access Point (WAP) radio transceiver that acts as a hub
Chapter 4 - 34
Page 111
Chapter 4 - 35
Figure 4.10 Wireless Local Area Network Topology
Page 112

Types of Networks Backbone Network In-between network that interconnects LANs in a single organization with each other and with organizations WAN and the Internet
Chapter 4 - 36
Page 113

Types of Networks Backbone network terminology: Bridge connects two LANs using same protocol Router (gateway) connects two or more LANs that may use different protocols Switch connects more than two LANs using the same protocols
Chapter 4 - 37
Page 113
Chapter 4 - 38
Figure 4.11 Sample Backbone Network
Page 112

Types of Networks Wide Area Networks (WANs) Communicate voice and data across greater distances Usually owned by several organizations (including user organization and common carrier) Employ point-to-point transmission Often rely on public telephone network
Chapter 4 - 39
Page 114

Types of WANs
Switched-circuit Direct distance dialing (DDD) Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) Dedicated-circuit Leased lines Satellite
Chapter 4 - 40
Page 115

Types of WANs
Packet-switched Shared private lines using store-and-forward data transmission Permits multiple connections to exist simultaneously over the same physical circuit
Chapter 4 - 41
Page 116

Types of WANs

ATM fast packet switching with short, fixed-length packets Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) provide same as private packet-switched network using the public Internet
Chapter 4 - 42
Page 117

Types of Networks The Internet Network of networks that use the TCP/IP protocol Contain gateways to computers that do not use TCP/IP Provides four basic functions:

Electronic mail Remote login Discussion groups Sharing of data resources

Chapter 4 - 43
Page 117-118
Chapter 4 - 44
Table 4.4 Internet Applications
Page 118

DSL, Cable Modem, and Satellite Internet access services:
Digital subscriber line (DSL) service offered by telephone companies using copper wire already installed in homes moving data over wires without disturbing voice traffic Cable modem connection obtained from cable TV company using existing home coaxial cable Satellite most expensive, but may be only option for customers in rural areas
Chapter 4 - 45
Page 120

Intranets Intranet a network operating within an organization that uses the TCP/IP protocol
Chapter 4 - 46
Page 122

Internet2 not-for-profit consortium of over 200 universities, working with over 60 technology companies and the U.S. government, to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies
Chapter 4 - 47
Page 122

Primary goals of Internet2:

Create a leading-edge network capability for the national research community Enable revolutionary Internet applications based on a much higher-performance Internet that we have today Ensure the rapid transfer of new network services and applications to the broader Internet community
Chapter 4 - 48
Page 123

Network Protocols Protocol agreed-upon set of rules governing communication among layers or levels of a network
Chapter 4 - 49
Page 124

Network Protocols LAN protocols:

Contention bus Token bus Token ring Wireless
IBMs own protocol Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
Chapter 4 - 50
Page 124

Network Protocols International Organization for Standardization (ISO) network protocol Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI)

Thought to become the only standard for networking Gained momentum until Internet explosion
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Has become the de facto standard for networking today

Chapter 4 - 51
Page 124-125
Chapter 4 - 52
Figure 4.17 Data Transmission Based on OSI Model
Page 126
THE EXPLODING ROLE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Online Operations Connectivity Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Commerce Marketing
Chapter 4 - 53
Page 128-129
THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

Carriers Own or lease the physical plant cabling, satellites, cellular towers, etc. Sell service of transmitting communication from one location to another
Chapter 4 - 54
Page 130

Equipment vendors Manufacture and sell LAN software and hardware Includes routers, hubs, wireless access points, digital switches, multiplexers, cellular telephones, modems
Chapter 4 - 55
Page 130

Service providers Operate networks and deliver services through the network Provide access to or services via the Internet (such as AOL, Microsoft Network, Yahoo!, and many ISPs
Chapter 4 - 56
Page 130

Ch04 Final

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Ch04 Final

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

FIFTH EDITION CHAPTER 4

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

THE NEED FOR NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

AN OVERVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Table 4.1 Functions of a Telecommunications Network

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Analog network uses continuous voltage varying as a function of time

Example: voice over telephone lines

Digital network directly transmits two discrete states

Note: 0 for pulse off and 1 for pulse on

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Figure 4.1 Use of Modem in Analog Network

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Bits per second (bps) number of bits sent per second

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Switched line system

Private (dedicated) lines

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Table 4.2 Telecommunications Transmission Speeds

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Figure 4.3 Construction of a Coaxial Cable

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Figure 4.4 Satellite Communications

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Figure 4.5 Network Topologies Page 106

More Complex Networks

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Figure 4.6 vBNS+ Network Map

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Local Area Networks (LANs)

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall

Figure 4.7 Computer Telecommunications Network

KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall