CULLB203B Develop and use information literacy skills

Harvard (author-date) Referencing System

prepared by Deb Beath, Nursing co-ordinator, Noarlunga Campus TAFESA & edited by Jane Morgan.

What is referencing?
Is the acknowledgement of sources of information and ideas you have used in an assignment.

When to reference
Whenever you quote, paraphrase, summarise or copy someone elses opinions, theories or data. Sources may include:

Books Journals Items from the internet Tables, DVDs, photographs, illustrations, maps, graphs or diagrams

Why Reference?

Seriously though referencing

Allows the reader to locate your sources independently
Allows you, the author, to find the original source easily Shows that you have read widely and used quality sources Acknowledges the intellectual property of anothers work & therefore avoids PLAGARISM

What is Plagiarism?

http://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/B_DSC/social_science/movies/social.swf

How to reference?
The information about the source appears in 2 places:
1. In-text (textual reference) ~ include author(s) surname, year of publication and page number(s) 2. End-Text (Reference List) ~ provide detailed information about each source at the end of your work titled Reference List

Bibliography or Reference List whats the difference?

A bibliography is a list of sources that have been consulted but not used directly in the text At a Diploma level, bibliographies are not recommended. Students are expected to use the Harvard Referencing System

In-text citations
Short quotes ~ usually less than 30 words. Place the text between single quotation marks. For example: Essentially the nursing process is a series of planned steps that produce a particular end result (Ryan 2005, p. 223). Highlight 3 quotes & their citation in the example essay.

In-text citations cont.

Long quotes ~ usually more than 30 words. Set apart in the text by:

Decreasing the font by one size Have one line space above and below the quote Indent the quote on the left hand side approx 1cm Always introduce with a colon

Highlight one example in the sample essay.

In-text citations cont.

Paraphrase ~ someone elses idea put into your own words. For example:
Ryan(2005, p. 223) explainsthe nursing process is a series of steps. Ryan(2005, p. 223) describesthe nursing process as a series of steps. The nursing process is fundamentally a series of steps toward an end result (Ryan 2005, p. 223).

Highlight two examples in the sample essay.

Paraphrasing very tricky!

Please complete the activity by going to this url. Read the information about how to paraphrase first.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/01/

In-text citations cont.

Summary ~ a brief version of the original.
For example:
Eddy (2005, p.77) explains the key responsibilities of case managers include, assessing clients and their homes and communities, coordinating and planning client care, collaborating with other health professionals and monitoring client progress.

In-text citations cont.

Statistics, graphs, tables etc. ~ show the citation immediately beside or below the copied item. For example: 90
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr East West North

Source: Microsoft PowerPoint, 2008

End-text citations
Book ~ may have one, two, three or more authors Include: Author, (Year), Book title and subtitle if present (in Italics), Edition, Publisher, Place.

For example:
Tamir, E (2002), The human body made simple, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, UK.

Highlight 2 titles in the sample essay.

End-text citations cont.

Chapter in an edited book ~ a publication with chapters written by different authors Include: Author, Chapter title (single quotation marks), Year, Book title and subtitle if present (in Italics), Edition, Editor name(s), preceded by the abbreviation ed or eds, Publisher, Place. For example:
Parker, J (2006), The art and science of nursing, in Contexts of nursing: an introduction, 2nd edn, Daly J, Speedy S, Jackson D, (eds), McLennan & Petty, Australia.

End-text citations cont.

Journal Article ~ in print
Include: Author, (Year), Article title, Journal Title (in Italics), Issue, Pages (if given). For example:
Blank-Reid, C (2004), Abdominal trauma, Nursing 2004, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 36-42.

When referencing journal articles

Do not give publication details Always include page and volume information Give volume and issue numbers in arabic numerals (eg. 1, 2) even if Roman Numerals are used on the original publication Always drop the definite article (the, an, a)(eg. write Journal of Advanced Nursing not The Journal of Advance Nursing)

End-text citations cont.

Government reports (eg. Inquiries, annual reports) ~ Include: Author(s), (Year), Title of Report (in Italics), Status of the report (eg. Final report, interim report, executive summary), Editor name(s), preceded by the abbreviation ed or eds, Publisher, Place. For example:
Senate Community Affairs References Committee (2002), Patient Profession: Time For Action Report on the Inquiry Into Nursing, June 2002, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

End-text citations cont.

Video recording/motion picture/DVD ~
Include: Title, (Date of production), Format of recording (eg. video recording), Publisher or name of production company, Place of production, Any special credits (if applicable)

For example: Aged care: communicating with colleagues (2007), DVD, VEA, Australia.

End-text citations cont.

Electronic Sources Include: information on how to access the information including date viewed and Uniform Resource Locator (URL). For journal articles include same information as for in print versions.

For example:
Rudd, K (2007), Labor unveils health policy, The Age, June 28, viewed 12 September 2007, http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/laborunveils-health-policy/2007/06/28/1182624056979.html

End-text citations cont.

Electronic Sources ~ Document within a Web page Include: Author, (Year), Title, Name & Place of website sponsor, Date viewed, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) For example:
Sladek, R (2005), How to construct a search strategy, Australian Centre for Evidence Based Clinical Practice, Bedford Park, South Australia, viewed 11 August 2008, http://www.acebcp.org.au/how.htm Highlight 2 examples in the sample essay.

What if
the quote is quite long?
You can leave out a word or words but you must insert three dots in their place (ensure the original meaning is unchanged). For example: According to Boyd (1998, p. 1003), through social support a personfeels helped, valued and in personal control Highlight one example in the sample essay.

What if
the source does not have a clear publication date? Use one of the following conventions:

No date on publication use n.d. for no date Date only approximate precede date with c for circa Dubious date precede date with a question mark (eg Jones ?1899) Unpublished work use the abbreviation unpub (if possible avoid unpublished work as it can lack credibility)

What if
there is no author? No author (includes Acts/Standards) ~ include the works title in italics (eg. Standard: Medication Management , 2002) the author has published more than one source? List works by the same author chronologically (starting with earliest publication date) the authors have published several books/articles in the same year? Distinguish the sources by adding a lowercase letter to the date of each, beginning with a, then b and so on (eg. 2004a)

Highlight one example in the in-text and end-text citations from the sample essay.

What if
there is more than one author?
When there are two or three authors: Include all surnames in the textual reference, for example: (Hext and Mayner 2003, p. 173). When there are four or more authors: Only include the surname of the first author, followed by the abbreviation et al (meaning and others), for example: (Ebersole et al 2005, pp. 55-56).
Note: All names must appear in the Reference List (in same order as given in the source not necessarily alphabetical).

These are activities to practice:

http://www.usq.edu.au/library/Breeze/Fac_Busine ss/Harvard_Referencing_A_Brief_Guide/harvard _ref/index.htm# http://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/1_Stu dySkills/study_tuts/harvard_LL/harvard.html Check Janison and you can link directly to them. Right click on the links to open in a New Window.

More Tips!!

Be selective with your reading Be cautious when using:

Internet Unpublished works (eg. study guides, conference papers & lecture notes) Television and radio broadcasts Publications on microfiche or microfilm Translated work Personal communications

Sample Reference List

Aged care: communicating with colleagues (2007), DVD, VEA, Australia. Blank-Reid, C (2004), Abdominal trauma, Nursing 2004, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 36-42. Ebersole, P, Hess, P, Touhy, T & Jett, K (2005), Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 2nd edn., Mosby, USA. Hext, V & Mayner, L (2003), Practical nursing calculations: getting the dose right, Allen & Unwin, Australia. Parker, J (2006), The art and science of nursing, in Contexts of nursing: an introduction, 2nd edn, Daly, J, Speedy, S & Jackson, D (eds), McLennan & Petty, Australia. Rudd, K (2007), Labor unveils health policy, The Age, June 28, viewed 12 September 2007, http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/labor-unveils-healthpolicy/2007/06/28/1182624056979.html Sladek, R (2005), How to construct a search strategy, Australian Centre for Evidence Based Clinical Practice, Bedford Park, South Australia, viewed 11 August 2008, http://www.acebcp.org.au/how.htm Standard: medication management, September, (2002), Nurses Board South Australia. Tamir, E (2002), The human body made simple, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, UK.

Yes, it can be messy & confusing!!

But dont lose your head youll get it!

If you get stuck just ask for help!

Additional information
University of South Australia ~ Learning Connection: Learning Guides
http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnection/learnres/learng/index.htm

Flinders University School of Nursing & Midwifery ~ Author-date (Harvard) referencing guide
http://www.lib.flinders.edu.au/services/inflit/nurefence.pd

LILI
http://www.tafe.sa.edu.au/lili

James Cook University Study Skills Online

http://www.jcu.edu.au/office/tld/writingskills/writing/

End-text activity to hand up

Collect the details about your items (as per the requirements on the handout) Compile your Reference List (in alphabetical order, so typing in a word doc may be easier) Write one of your items on the board