Surgical Simulation

Master File
ENT Sinusoscopy Simulator Lockheed Martin 1999

Haptics
Full System
Types of Simulators
Simple precision Needle bx, spinal anesthesia, IV

Simple task Endoscopy, arthroscopy, angio

Complex task Anastomosis simulator

Complete proc Laparoscopy, liver, etc

Ultrasound Anesthesia
Mannequin patient simulators MedSim Inc, 1995
Anesthesia Simulator Courtesy Medsim, Inc, 1994
IV simulator MusculoGraphics and BDI, 1995
MIST-VR Virtual Presence Inc, 1999
Anastomosis Simulator Marc Raibert, BDInc, 1998

Tendon Simulator J Rosen & Scott Delp, 1989
Georgia Tech Eye Simulator 1995
Limb trauma simulator MusculoGraphics and BDI, 1994

MIST VR Virtual Presence Inc, 1999
Modeling and Simulation
LapSim simulator showing abstract and texture mapped tasks



LapSim simulator showing abstract and texture mapped tasks



VEST
LapSim One Irrigation model


VEST
LapSim One Gynecological module


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Tissue Properties Measurements
Laparoscopic Simulator with tactile feedback

Laparoscopic hysterectomy
Courtesy Michael vanLent, ICT, Los Angeles, CA
Laparoscopic Simulator with tactile feedback

Laparoscopic Simulator screen


Figure 9. The KISMET robotic surgery system, showing surgical workstation
and remote Manipulators ca 1989.

VEST
LapSim One system


VEST
LapSim One Lap Cholecystectomy module


LapSim One Gallbladder model

VEST
LapSim One Dissection model


Military Training Technology Vol 5, October, 2000
Virtual textbook Helene Hoffmann, UCSD 1997
Intra-disciplinary research is key

Complexity of research will intensify

Devices/materials will mimic biologic processes (networks sensors)

Humans will be incorporating devices (MEMS, Nano)

Transplantation will be with artificial organs

Life extension results in older population, more chronic disease
SATAVA 7 July, 1999
DARPA
Implications for Science
Pre-op planning facial deforminty

Virtual Medic
Virtual Medic