Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Osteoarthritis
Primary generalized factors Secondary (follows demonstrable abnormality & occurs following certain predisposing factors)
trauma congenital deformity inflamatory and infection metabolic disorder acquired incongruity of joint surface
Inflammatory
Yes (AM) Soft tissue Sometimes Sometimes Prominent Sometimes Frequent WBC >2000 Septic, RA, SLE, Gout
Noninflammatory
Yes (PM) Bony Absent Absent Minor (< 30 ) Absent Uncommon WBC < 2000 OA, AVN
Articular Vs Periarticular
Clinical feature Anatomic structure Painful site Pain on movement Swelling Articular Synovium, cartilage, capsule Diffuse, deep Active/passive, all planes Common Periarticular Tendon, bursa, ligament, muscle, bone Focal point Active, in few planes Uncommon
Epidemiology
Primary Type :
females develops spontaneously in middle age progresses slowly
Secondary Type :
males develops at any ages as result of injury more rapidly progresses
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis Staging
Pathology
Cardinal features : 1. Progressive cart destruction 2. Subarticular cyst formation 3. Sclerosis of surrounding bone 4. Osteophytes formation 5. Capsular fibrosis
Risk Factors
Joint dysplasia
Perthes disease Hurry prophylactic surgery in child
Trauma
# involving artic surf Malunion long-bone # repetitive stress in athletes
Clinical Findings
Pain Stiffness Swelling Deformity Loss of function Cartilage Deterioration Crepitus
Osteophytes Bone Spurs Loss of Joint Space Increased Density of Bone in Joint Lines Increased Synovial Fluid
Clinical Classification
Monoarthritis
Acute: Bacterial, Trauma, Crystal, Reactive Chronic :Tuberculosis, Lyme, Fungal, Trauma, Tumors Autoimmune : Rheumatoid, Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter syndrome Degenerative : Osteroarthritis Crystal Deposition : Gout Monosodium urate CPPD Pseudo Gout Septic, TBC
Polyarthritis
12/4/2012
Infective
Radiology Findings
Narrowing of the joint space Sclerosis Osteophyte
Radiology Findings
-
joint space
obliterated
- sclerosis - osteophyte
Radiology Findings
4 Cardinal signs :
Narrowing of medial compartement
Sclerosis of subchondral bone Osteophyte Subchondral cyst
Imaging
X-rays 4 cardinal signs Radionuclide scanning 99mTc-HDP activity in subchondral regions vasc & new bone formation Arthroscopy show cartilage damage
Management
3 observation :
symptoms characteristically wax & wane (pain) subside spontaneously for long periods some less painful w/ passage of time & no more than pain killer extreme, recognize by x-ray rapidly progressive type of OA reconstructive surgery
Early Treatment
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Principles : Prevent and correction deformity Maintain movement & muscle strength Protect the joint from overload Relieve pain Modified daily activity
Early Treatment
Education Weight Reduction
Pain Relief
vascular decompression of subchondral bone redistribution of loading forces
Physical therapy
Early Treatment
Pharmaceuticals
Supplements
Glucosamine Chondroitin sulfate Beta carotene Vitamins : C, D, E Hyaluronic Sodium HRT Estrogen
Weight bearing joints More symptomatically prevalent in knee Stiffness, swelling, pain Problems with:
Pain, stiffness, and severe disability May feel symptoms in hip, groin, inner thigh, buttocks. Limits moving and bending. Problems with: Dressing Foot care
Application of heat or cold packs Exercise and stretching Walking aids Support pillows
COMPLICATIONS
Keropos Tulang
Tulang Normal
Osteoporosis
Pendahuluan
Apakah sama dengan usia lanjut ? Dapat terjadi pada usia berapa saja :
1. 2. 3. 4.
Pendahuluan
Orang tua : wanita >>> laki-laki Kenapa
perbedaan
hormone stok tulang yang ada aktifitas kegiatan sehari-hari ( activity of daily living)
Wanita
Hormon: dihasilkan oleh beberapa kelenjar dalam tubuh dengan fungsi yang kompleks dan rumit Estrogen paling berperan : 1. Jantung dan pembuluh darah 2. Fungsi organ wanita 3. 4. Tulang
Estrogen
Tulang
Selalu berubah : Dari dalam kandungan bayi anak anak dewasa muda tua Perubahan yang bersifat keseimbangan baik yang positif maupun yang negatif
Jenis tulang
Tulang kortikal
TulangTrabekular
Resorption by osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Regulasi Tulang
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Severe Osteoporosis
Tulang trabekula
Sincere thanks to Dr. Susan Ott for permission to use the above images
Tulang
Keseimbangan yang positif : tulang yang dibentuk >> yang dihancurkan tulang tumbuh Keseimbangan yang negatif : tulang yang dibentuk << tulang yang dihancurkan keropos tulang Diantaranya : pembentukan dan penghancuran sama
Tulang
Proses terbentuknya dan penghancuran tulang itu adalah alami Dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang diantaranya dapat dikontrol
Alkoholisme Minum kopi yang berlebihan Asupan kalsium & Vit D yang rendah Immobilisasi yang lama Kurang gerak Merokok
Perjalanan Osteoporosis
Tulang
Faktor yang mempengaruhi : 1. Internal 2. Eksternal
Tulang
Faktor internal : 1. Turunan ( gen) 2. Penyakit bawaan ( gen) 3. Ras ( bangsa)
Tulang
Faktor eksternal : 1. Persediaan tulang masa muda 2. Aktifitas sehari-hari 3. Obat-obatan 4. Penyakit infeksi 5. Penyakit kronis / metabolisme 6. Merokok / kopi / alkohol
Keropos Tulang
Penghancuran/ pembentukan tulang : alami Tidak perlu ditakuti. Yang penting mencegah komplikasi yaitu patah tulang
Keropos Tulang
Faktor yang dapat dikontrol atau masih dapat dikontrol Pencegahan trauma atau benturan keras Obat-obatan ?? Latihan yang sesuai
Keropos Tulang
Penentuannya : diagnose penting untuk menentukan obat-obatan, latihan yang diperlukan dsb
Gejala Klinis
Terselubung ("silent disease" ) Nyeri
punggung Tinggi berkurang Tambah bongkok Patah tulang akibat trauma ringan
Akibat Osteoporosis
Akibat Osteoporosis
Akibat Osteoporosis
Akibat Osteoporosis
Deteksi Osteoporosis
Calcium
Vitamin D
Preparat Gabungan
Persiapan di rumah
Kamar mandi bersih dan jangan licin Penerangan yang cukup Pegangan ditangga atau didinding
Hindari merokok
Senam Osteoporosis
Pengobatan
Obat-obatan
Estrogens (Premarin, Ogen, Estrace, Estraderm, Estratab, dll) SERMs/selective estrogen receptor modulators (Raloxifene/Evista) Bisphosphonates (Alendronate/Fosamax and Risedronate/Actonel) Calcitonin/Miacalcin
Pembedahan
Terima Kasih