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communication
Communication is an exchange of ideas, facts, opinions or emotions by two or more persons NEWMAN AND SUMMERS

Types of communication
Verbal communication -Oral -Written

Non-verbal communication

- Sign language
- Body language

-Para language
- Space, surrounding and time

Oral or verbal communication

Advantages: -Immediate feedback -Time saving -Economical -Personal touch -Flexibility -Secrecy -Group communication Disadvantages Poor retention No record Time consuming Misunderstanding Lack of responsibility

EFFECTIVE VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Pronunciation: All the language units must be pronounced properly and clearly Clarity, Conciseness and Completeness: It is essential that the message should be brief and concise, but complete in every aspect. Vocabulary: He should us choicest words to convey correct meaning. Self-confidence Pitch: There are three patterns 1) rising pitch, 2) falling pitch and 3) dividing pitch.

Tone and style

Tongue twisters
A problem of solving a problem is not a problem but when a problem solves a problem without any problem then the problem is not at all a problem The sixth sick sikh's sixth sheep is sick. how many cans can a canner can a canner cans as many cans as a canner can can cans how much wood would a woodcut cut if a woodcut would cut wood upper roller lower roller Red Bulb, Blue Bulb rally lorry , lorry rally

Written communication
ADVANTAGE
Permanent record Legal evidence Accuracy Lengthy messages Correspondence

LIMITATIONS Access to literates Costly and time-consuming process Delayed feedback

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Sign language Body language Para language

Space, time and surroundings

Happy Sad Embarrassed Surprised Nervous Tastes Good! Tired Sleepy

Body language

Para language

If you thought that the chief petty officer was aggressively correcting the behavior of the sailor, you are right. His body language is sufficient to communicate his strong disapproval without using any words.

COMMUNICATION PATTERNS
A

D
Free flow Wheel

B A Circle F

C
Y E

Chain

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

Apologising frequently Self-criticism (eg. I'm such an idiot!) Criticism of others Complaining Self-justification (eg. I spoke rudely because she was rude to me.) Blaming (eg. If she hadn't forgotten the book, I wouldn't be angry.) Peace-making (eg. It's alright. It didn't matter anyway. She didn't mean it.) Praising (sincere or false) Avoiding Lecturing Listening Questioning (really asking to learn, or interrogating) Insulting or otherwise trying to intimidate or belittle Supporting (eg. You can do it. Of course you're a kind man.) Self-disclosing (explaining one's own thoughts, motives, feelings, needs etc) Self-concealing (hiding one's true thoughts, feelings, needs, motives etc.) Gossiping (talking about others) Expressing emotion by yelling, crying, throwing things, banging doors etc.

 APOLOGISE

SELF CRITICISM

OTHERS CRITICISM

COMPLAINTS

 SELF JUSTIFICATION

BLAMING

PEACE MAKING

PRAISING

 AVIODING

LECTURING

LISTENING

INSULTING

Johari window
a technique created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955 in the United States,

used to help people better understands their relationship with self and others.

It is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic

(find or discover) exercise.

When performing the exercise, subjects are given a list of 56 adjectives and pick five or six that they feel describe their own personality. Peers of the subject are then given the same list, and each pick five or six adjectives that describe the subject. These adjectives are then mapped onto a grid.

FOUR MODELS OF JOHARI WINDOW

Open: This quadrant represents traits of the subjects that both they and their peers are aware of.

Hidden: representing information about them their peers are unaware of. It is then
up to the subject to disclose this information or not.

Blind Spot: These represent information that the subject is not aware of, but others

are, and they can decide whether and how to inform the individual about these
"blind spots". Unknown: Adjectives that were not selected by either subjects or their peers remain in the Unknown quadrant, representing the participant's behaviors or motives that were not recognized by anyone participating.

Open area
The aim in any team is to develop the 'open area' for every person, because

when we work in this area with others

we are at our most effective and productive, and the team is at its most productive too

The open free area, or 'the arena - the space where good communications and cooperation occur, free from distractions, mistrust, confusion, conflict and misunderstanding

BLIND AREA
The aim is to reduce this area by seeking or soliciting feedback from others and thereby to increase the open area, i.e., to increase self-awareness Team members and managers take

responsibility for reducing the blind area in turn increasing the open area - by giving sensitive feedback and encouraging disclosure

HIDDEN AREA
Also include sensitivities, fears, hidden agendas, manipulative intentions, secrets - anything that a person knows but does not reveal

The extent to which an individual discloses personal feelings and information, and the issues which are disclosed, and to whom, must always

be at the individual's own discretion

UNKNOWN AREA

Managers

and

leaders

can

create

an

environment

that

encourages self discovery, and to promote the processes of self

discovery,
observation and

constructive
feedback

among team members

Swot analysis
Strengths What advantages does your

Organization have? What is the Core Competency of your Company?

What is the Importance of the

Customer for your Company?

Weakness What factors are responsible for the loss of sales? What are the technical snags for your Company?

Achievements of the Competitors

 Opportunities What are the good opportunities are there in your way? Interesting trends to be coming soon Change in technology and Markets

 Threats Performance of the Competitors Government Policies Cash flow Problems

Changing Technologies creating

problems

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS.
Eric Berne define Transactional Analysis as "a theory of

personality and social action, and a clinical method of

psychotherapy, based on the analysis of all possible transactions between two or more people, on the basis of

specifically defined ego states into a finite number of

established types

 Transactional Analysis, therefore, can be use in any field where there is a

need for understanding individuals, relationships, communication and systems. It is called a 'transaction' because each party gains something by it and that is why s/he engages in it.

EGO STATES
Parent (exteropsyche): There are two forms of Parent we can play. The Nurturing Parent The Controlling (or Critical) Parent,

 Adult (neopsyche): trying to control nor reacting violently

towards others.

Child (archaeopsyche): The Natural Child is largely un-self-aware and is characterized by the non-speech noises they make (yahoo, whee, etc.). They like playing and are open and vulnerable.

The cutely-named Little Professor is the curious and exploring Child who is always trying out new stuff (often much to their Controlling Parent's annoyance). Together

with the Natural Child they make up the Free Child.

The Adaptive Child reacts to the world around them, either

changing themselves to fit in or rebelling against the forces they feel.

KINDS/TYPES/FORMS OF TRANSACTIONS

COMPLIMENTARY TRANSACTION: Transactions are complimentary if the message sent or behavior exhibited by 1

person ego state receive the appropriate and expected response from the other
person ego state

CROSSED TRANSACTION
It is occurs when message sent the behavior exhibited by the 1 persons ego state is reacted to by an incompatible and unexpected ego state on the part of the other

person.

ULTERIOR TRANSACTION
They are very damaging to interpersonal relation because it always involve at least two ego state on the part of 1 person. Individual may say one thing but mean quite another.

STROKES: It means simply that beginning in infancy and continuing throughout their lives, people need cuddling, affection, recognition, and praise. People dont get positive strokes when they will seek out negative strokes. The strokes is divided in to two categories: Positive Negative

GAMES: Games are set or pattern of transactions that have surface logic but hidden meaning and attempt to drawing in an unsuspecting participant. The outcome of the games is always a win lose proposition.

Thanks to my audience

Who shows their real interest

PRESENTATION BY

UDAYAKUMAR NAGARAJAN