KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR
Alat yang dipakai untuk
menaikkan tekanan udara
dengan cara memampatkan
volumenya.

Dilihat dari cara kerjanya,
ada beberapa tipe
kompressor:
1. Kompressor torak
a. kerja tunggal
b. kerja ganda
2. Kompressor Rotary
Kompresor yaitu pesawat/ mesin
yang berfungsi untuk
memampatkan atau menaikkan
tekanan atau memindahkan fluida
gas dari suatu tekanan statis
rendah ke keadaan tekanan statis
yang lebih tinggi

Example of Centrifugal
Flow
Intake airflow is being forced around the
outside perimeter of the engine.
Centrifugal
Compressor
Airflow being
forced around
body of engine
Example of Axial Flow
Intake airflow is forced down the center shaft
of the engine.
Multistage
Axial
Compressor
Center
Shaft
Example of Combination
Flow
Intake Air
Flow
Axial Compressor
Centrifugal
Compressor
Intake air flow is forced down the center
shaft initially by axially compressor stages,
and then forced against engine perimeter
by the centrifugal compressor.
Major Components of
Interest
Compressor
Axial
Centrifugal

Turbine
Axial
Radial

Axial Compressor
Centrifugal Compressor
Centrifugal Compressor
Operation
Centrifugal compressors rotate ambient air about an
impeller. The impeller blades guide the airflow toward
the outer perimeter of the compressor assembly. The air
velocity is then increased as the rotational speed of the
impeller increases.
Dynamic Surge
Occurs when the static (inlet) air
pressure rises past the design
characteristics of the
compressor.
When there is a reversal of
airflow from the compressor
causing a surge to propagate in
the engine.
Essentially, the flow is exhausted
out of the compressor, or front,
of the engine.
Result, is the compressor no
longer able to exhaust as quickly
as air is being drawn in and a
bang occurs.
http://www.turbosolve.com/index.html
Compressor
Inlet
Turbine Exit
Tipe kompressor
ejector

centrifugal-
turbo
axial-turbo
vane liquid
ring
screw rotary
blower
labyrinth diaphragm
rotary reciprocating
trunk crosshead free-
piston
single-rotor
double-rotor
helical
displacement
compressor
dynamic
compressor
Components of air
21%
other gasses
78%
nitrogen
oxygen
1%
Tekanan
Pressure (p) =
Force (F)
Area (A)
1 Pascal (Pa)
1 Newton (N)
1 m (A)
=
Equivalents
10
5
Pa = 1 bar
1 MPa = 10 bar
Gauge pressure
1 bar = 14,5 psi(g)
1 hPa = 0,001 bar
1 bar = 10197 mmWC
1 bar = 750,062 Torr
A = 1 m
2
TURBO KOMPRESSOR
INTERCOOLER
KOMPRESSOR
CENTRIFUGAL
KOMPRESSOR
ROTARY
ROTARY
ROTOR
SCREW KOMPRESSOR
symmetrical
profile
asymmetric
profile
The world renowned

Advantages of CompAir screw compressors
Compressed air generation with two rotating
screws

FAMILY SCREW COMPRESSOR
fluid
filter
hot fluid
compressed
air
fluid-air
mixture
cooled
fluid
Construction:
SCREW KOMPRESSOR
KOMPRESSOR BOLAK BALIK SATU TINGKAT
(IDEAL)
Salah satu jenis kompressor bolak balik
yang sederhana adalah adalah
kompressor dengan seluruh
kompressinya berlangsung dalam satu
selinder yang biasa disebut dengan
kompressor satu satu tingkat.

Dalam hal kompressor ideal diasumsikan
bahwa:
1. Tidak ada kerugian tekanan pada katup
masuk dan katup buang
2. Tekanan pada langkah isap dan langkah
buang adalah konstan
3. Kompressor tidak mempunyai ruang rugi
4. Seluruh proses kompressi berlangsung
pada satu selinder
Reciprocating Compressor
System = Control Volume which contains
the gas being compressed.
I
B
MOTION
Body # C,
connecting rod
t
load
Rotation
Body # B,
the crank
(partially hidden)
Body # A, the flywheel
part of the load
A
C
M
C
Inlet
Outlet
Valve Closed
Valve Open
KOMPRESSOR TORAK
Reciprocating
compressors
single / two stage
Note the
difference:
- single / two stage
- single acting / double acting
Installation: - portable
- stationary
Application:
(single stage)
- trade 10 bar
- boosters 35 bar
Applications: trade, up to 15 bar
high pressure, up to 35 bar
Reciprocating compressors
two stage
inter-
cooling
top dead
centre
1 bar absolute
8 bar
Upper piston
clearance
(dead space)
KOMPRESSOR TORAK
Double-acting
with crosshead
Application:
High pressure, up to 1000 bar
in combination with screw compressors.
Compression of gas
KOMPRESSOR TORAK KERJA GANDA
Minimizing Compressor Work
2
2
,
1
rev in
w vdP =
}
Minimizing Compressor Work
(Open System + Ideal Gas)
Three compression processes:
Isentropic (no cooling):Pv
k
= Constant



Polytropic (some cooling): Pv
n
= Constant


Isothermal (maximum cooling): Pv =Constant
( )
w
kR T T
k
kRT
k
P
P
comp in
k
k
,
( )
=

|
\

|
.
|

(
(

2 1 1 2
1
1
1 1
1
( )
w
nR T T
n
nRT
n
P
P
comp in
n
n
,
( )
=

|
\

|
.
|

(
(

2 1 1 2
1
1
1 1
1
w RT
P
P
comp in ,
ln =
2
1
w vdP
rev
=
}
1
2
Pv RT
RT
v
P
=
=
Distribusi Compresor
Compressor Area
Tanki Angin
Manometer
Line Produksi
Pemakaian Compresor
1.Snaper (pengencangan baut)
2. Hoist
3. Base Roller 4. Spray angin 5. Spray Gun (anti rust)