KELOMPOK 1 : 1. MAULANA 2. CAHYANING LESTARI 3.

GUNAWAN HARTANTO 2310100043 2308100009 2308100048

Many process operations require the removal of entrained gas or non-gas particles from multi-phase stream. The removal of these gas or non-gas particles is the process in itself

( capture of a valuable product ) or the process of cleaning a stream in order to protect

either stationary or rotating equipment from the harmful effect due to gas or non-gas particles entering those devices. Particle size is commonly defined by its diameter in micrometers, more commonly called microns.

For proper separator design, partcle size analysis is important for correct equipment selection

Gravity or Knonk Out Drums

Electrosatatic Precipitator

Centifugal Separator

Wet Scrubber

Impingement Separator

Filter Separator

GRAVITY OR KNOCK OUT DRUMS

A gravity or knockout drum typically has the inlet and outlet connections located on the upper

portion of the vessel. The force used to separate the solids from tge gas is gravity, The primary
physics involved is the terminal velocity of the particulate. It cab be seen that the gas velocity must be very low in order for separation to accur

GRAVITY OR KNOCK OUT DRUMS

CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR
Velocity is the primary factor in the performance of a
centrifugal separator. For a given size centrifugal separator, the size of the separated particulate is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas velocity. Consequently, the success of a centrifugal separator is dependent on gas velocity obtained. The minimum particle size to be separated is dependent

on the particulate viscosity, number of turns the

particulate makes within the separator, and the velocity of the gas at the inlet to the separator.
CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR

IMPINGEMENT SEPARATOR
Velocity is the primary factor in the performance of a
centrifugal separator. For a given size centrifugal separator, the size of the separated particulate is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas velocity. Consequently, the success of a centrifugal separator is dependent on gas velocity obtained. The minimum particle size to be separated is dependent

on the particulate viscosity, number of turns the

particulate makes within the separator, and the velocity of the gas at the inlet to the separator.
IMPINGEMENT SEPARATOR

FILTER SEPARATOR
Velocity is the primary factor in the performance of a
centrifugal separator. For a given size centrifugal separator, the size of the separated particulate is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas velocity. Consequently, the success of a centrifugal separator is dependent on gas velocity obtained. The minimum particle size to be separated is dependent

on the particulate viscosity, number of turns the

particulate makes within the separator, and the velocity of the gas at the inlet to the separator.
FILTER SEPARATOR

SPRAY SCRUBBER
Dust is removed by counter-current washing with a liquid, usually water, the solids are removed as a slurry. The principal mechanism involved is the impact (impingement) of the dust particles and the water droplets. Particle sizes down to 0.5 /xm can be removed in suitably designed scrubbers. In addition to removing solids, wet scrubbers can be used to simultaneously cool the gas and neutralise any corrosive constituents. Spray towers have a low pressure drop but are not suitable for removing very fine particles, below 10 /zm. The collecting
SPRAY SCRUBBER

efficiency can be improved by the use of plates or packing but at the expense of a higher pressure drop.

PACKED BED SCRUBBER

PACKED BED SCRUBBER

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Capable of collecting very fine particles, <2 /im, at high efficiencies. Their capital and operating costs are high, should only be considered in place of alternative processes, such as filtration, where the gases are hot or corrosive. Their main application is probably in the removal of the fine fly ash formed in the combustion of pulverised coal in powerstation boilers. The basic principle of operation : The gas is ionised in passing between a high-voltage electrode and an earthed (grounded)

electrode; the dust particles become charged and are attracted to the earthed electrode.
The precipitated dust is removed from the electrodes mechanically, usually by vibration, or by washing. Wires are normally used for the high-voltage electrode, and plates or tubes for the earthed electrode.

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR