Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Seed invigouration
Definition of Halogenation
Methodology for incorporation of halogen
Halogen formulation
Factors influencing on halogen treatment Advantages and disadvantages
Case Studies
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Seed is a biological entity and its ageing is an inevitable process beyond
Rapid loss of vigour and viability of seed during storage is one of the major
ambient condition, it can however be controlled to an applicable extent by adoption of suitable storage technologies.
beneficial effect by lowering lipid peroxidation and there by extension of vigour and viability of seeds under storage.
Seed invigouration
Seed invigouration implies to an improvement in seed performance
by any post harvest treatment that focused on improvement in germinability, storability and better field performance (Basu, 1990).
Invigouration treatment should bring about a qualitative improvement
in the seed, which should persist even after the treatment & treatmental effect should basically be physiological in nature.
Pre-storage treatments for maintenance of vigour and viability in storage that result in better field performance.
Mid-storage treatments for extension of vigour and viability in storage that ensure better field performance .
Wet treatments
Dry treatments
Halogenation
Vapour treatment
Basu et al (1994 )
Dept of Seed Science and Technology
that will occur if the dry treatment is given before the seed is bagged and stored .
In halogenations treatment, seeds are exposed to halogens like chlorine, bromine or iodine either directly or through the carriers.
Applied forms bleaching powder Iodine crystals potassium bromide or bromine solution
These halogens are used for safe storage treatment with dual purpose utilization of seed as seed for sowing and grain for consumption.
quantities .
The vapour saturated carriers are dry dressed with the seeds. These chemicals are also added directly to the carrier Among the carriers calcium carbonate has been proved to be
superior one.
After equilibrating the carrier-chemical mix, the seed is
Contd
The positive effect of halogen treatment is that, it reduces
production of volatile aldehyde, which are presumably the product of lipid peroxidation.
Rudrpal and Basu 1982
Dharmalingam et al (1998)
Dept of Seed Science and Technology
Contd
Chlorine may also be obtained by just placing bleaching powder
bleaching powder per kg of seed effectively controlled the loss of vigour and viability of fresh vigour seeds.
The treatment were given to high vigour seeds before bagging and
storage.
These chemical were mixed with inert carrier like caco3, talc, fresh
chalk, charcoal, clay, brick powder etc and used for dry-dressing of seeds.
treatment.
2) Duration of treatment
3) Dosage of halogen 4) Age of the seed
5) Selectivity of crop
6) Mode of application
Disadvantages
Time consuming Laborious Efficacy of halogen treatment low compared to other treatment.
Germination (%)
Hours of Iodination 0 5 15 24 CD (P=0.05) Wheat 65 80 85 60 Jute 58 67 76 65 Mustard 55 75 85 91
0 0
2 2
60 (50.8) 60 (50.8)
81 (64.2) 81 (64.2)
58 (49.6) 58 (49.6)
74 (59.3) 74 (59.3)
5 5
10 10
76 (60.7) 76 (60.7)
67 (54.9) 67 (54.9)
71 (57.4) 71 (57.4)
68 (55.6) 68 (55.6)
20 20 50 50 CD (P=0.05) CD (P=0.05)
Standardization of dosage of bleaching powder after 9 days of accelerated ageing in paddy cv. ASD 16
Treatments Control CaOCl2 (4 g kg-1) CaOCl2 (6 g kg-1) Germination (%) 60 (50.62) 60 (50.67) 57 (49.10) Vigour index 1627 1616 1142
CaOCl2 (8 g kg-1)
72 (57.74)
2109
71 (55.24) (8.03)
1892 52
Treatments
Control CaOCl2
+
Germination (%)
60 (50.62) 64 (52.98) 65 (53.60) 71 (57.29) 81 (64.38) 80 (63.85) (2.33)
Vigour index
1478 1648 1763 1987 2481 2471 110
CaCO3 (2 g kg-1)
CaOCl2 + CaCO3 (3 g kg-1) CaOCl2 + CaCO3 (4 g kg-1) CaOCl2 + CaCO3 (5 g kg-1) CaOCl2 + CaCO3 (6 g kg-1) CD (P=0.05)
Punitha (1996)
Dept of Seed Science and Technology
life, but also prevent the multiplication of seed borne pathogen and also insect.
Parameters
Initial
Control
Germination (%) Vigour index Insect infestation (No/g)
Halogenated
80 1270 4
87 1467 3
69 858 16
2
-
14
510
3
543
0.07
5.17
Chandrasenannair (1995)
Dept of Seed Science and Technology
Jegathambal (2000)
Dept of Seed Science and Technology
Parameters
CD (P=0.05)
Control
Germination (%) Seedling length (cm) Vigour index 90 20.8 1890
Halogenated
94 24.1 2184 (1.54) 1.44 9.23
Dharmalingam et al (1998)
Dept of Seed Science and Technology
researcher also proved that the halogen treated seeds can augment the yield of crop to the tune of 7-15%.
Contd
The
groundnut pods and kernals were subjected to iodine/chlorine/bromine based halogenation treatment along with Albizia amara leaf powder and improved the field stand and production potentiality of crop.
The
field trial conducted in sunflower to assess the productivity of the halogenated seeds, 8 months after storage highlighted that beneficial effect of halogenated seeds in augmenting the productivity of the resultant crop.
The plants raised from treated seeds had a higher chlorophyll content (99%), seed yield (32%) and seed filling (17%) .
Contd
Field emergence(%)
Fuzzy (F)
Control
Thiram Chlorination Iodination Delinted (F) Control Thiram
81 (63.80)
83 (65.51) 87 (68.81) 93 (74.19)
6.01
6.60 6.60 6.46
4.34
4.26 4.69 4.45
86 (67.70) 85 (67.09)
22 22
6.88 7.11
4.25 4.44
Chlorination
Iodination
88 (67.75)
91 (72.49)
24
28
7.89
9.15
5.44
6.42
Rathinavel (2001)
Control Halogenation (dry) 2g kg-1 Halogenation (dry) 3g kg-1 Halogenation (dry) 4g kg-1 Halogenation(Slurry)2g kg-1
87 88 91 89 89
Halogenation(slurry)3g kg-1
94
20.8
18.8
0.8
Halogenation(slurry)4g kg-1
88
19.7
18.2
0.5
CD (P=O.O5)
3.93
2.02
1.89
0.04
Influence of halogen and bio-product seed treatment on germination of chilli varieties during storage
Varieties
4 Byadagi kaddi (V1) Dyavanur local (V2) Treatments (T) T1 Calcium oxychloride T2 Potassium iodide T3 Bavistin T4 Neem leaf 89.67 90.83 87.83 84.33 83.33 85.5 81.0 80.0 83.0 86.0 73.16 68.33 78.83 81.33 70.16 65.33 70.0 71.66 64.0 56.5 87.43 84.24 8 83.05 79.23
T5 Pongamia leaf
T6 Sweet flag T7 Control
83.5
82.67 81.5
80.5
77.67 74.5
72.83
66.0 67.17
69.0
60.33 60.33
62.5
62.1 51.83
Effect of halogenation on productivity of paddy seeds stored for 6 months before sowing
Location Control Halogenated Increased yield (kg/ha) Yield increase %
Parakkai
Periakulam Vararai Puthiri Karingal Kadanthankode Malaputheri Thiruvallar
5.05
4.44 4.61 5.35 6.50 4.33 6.30 4.96
5.35
4.68 4.76 5.72 7.00 4.69 6.90 5.51
300
240 150 370 500 360 600 190
5.94
5.41 3.25 6.92 7.69 8.31 9.52 3.83
Pacode
Mean
4.35
5.098
4.61
5.428
250
330
5.75
6.47
Chadrasenannair (1995)
Effect of Halogenation treatment on Storability and Productivity of Pearl millet cv.BK 560
8 Months after storage Parameters Initial C Germination(%) Vigour index 87 3659 69 1970 CB H 77 2775 C 72 2272 PCB H 83 3154 0.81 42.8 CD(P=0.05)
23
82 -
29
60 3 2815
16
78 10 3333
28
71 8 3037
11
81 5 3453
0.93
0.91 0.71 29.8
Malarkodi (1997)
Conclusion